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Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rat...
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| Published in: | Electromagnetic biology and medicine 2015-03, Vol.34 (1), p.37-42 |
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| container_title | Electromagnetic biology and medicine |
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| creator | Dasdag, Suleyman Ta, Muzaffer Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf Yegin, Korkut |
| description | Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (×106/mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (μm) and tunica albuginea thickness (μm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3109/15368378.2013.869752 |
| format | article |
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The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (×106/mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (μm) and tunica albuginea thickness (μm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p < 0.05) while weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules diameter and tunica albuginea thickness were decreased in the exposure group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). However, other alterations of other parameters were not found significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 μW/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1536-8378</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1536-8386</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.869752</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24460421</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc</publisher><subject>2.4 GHz Wi-Fi ; Absorption, Radiation ; Animals ; electromagnetic fields ; long-term exposure ; Male ; Organ Size - radiation effects ; Radio Waves - adverse effects ; radiofrequency ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; reproduction ; Spermatozoa - physiology ; Spermatozoa - radiation effects ; testes ; Testis - cytology ; Testis - growth & development ; Testis - physiology ; Testis - radiation effects ; Time Factors ; Wireless Technology</subject><ispartof>Electromagnetic biology and medicine, 2015-03, Vol.34 (1), p.37-42</ispartof><rights>2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-ebb91f5270a0c23abaf9aa2ecaf77e4e880399b569866b20dc3bc108093935f93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-ebb91f5270a0c23abaf9aa2ecaf77e4e880399b569866b20dc3bc108093935f93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460421$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dasdag, Suleyman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ta, Muzaffer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yegin, Korkut</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions</title><title>Electromagnetic biology and medicine</title><addtitle>Electromagn Biol Med</addtitle><description>Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (×106/mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (μm) and tunica albuginea thickness (μm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p < 0.05) while weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules diameter and tunica albuginea thickness were decreased in the exposure group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). However, other alterations of other parameters were not found significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 μW/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.</description><subject>2.4 GHz Wi-Fi</subject><subject>Absorption, Radiation</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>long-term exposure</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Organ Size - radiation effects</subject><subject>Radio Waves - adverse effects</subject><subject>radiofrequency</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>reproduction</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - physiology</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - radiation effects</subject><subject>testes</subject><subject>Testis - cytology</subject><subject>Testis - growth & development</subject><subject>Testis - physiology</subject><subject>Testis - radiation effects</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Wireless Technology</subject><issn>1536-8378</issn><issn>1536-8386</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LHTEUhkNpqVb7D0rJspu55mNmkmwsRfwCoZuKy5DJnNTITHJNMrTXlVv_pr-kM14VuhECSQ7Pec_hQegLJStOiTqgDW8lF3LFCOUr2SrRsHdodylXksv2_etbyB30KecbQqgShH9EO6yuW1IzuovysXNgC44ODzH8rgqkEcPfdcxTgqXKVvXj_cPp2R1OpvfRJbidINjN09cUHwOG0ZcCPXYpjvjKVycez5BfjxDm4IAL5PlgNwW78HkffXBmyPD5-d5DlyfHv47Oqoufp-dHPy4qW1NZKug6RV3DBDHEMm4645QxDKxxQkANUhKuVNe0SrZtx0hveWcpkURxxRun-B76ts1dpzgvnYsefbYwDCZAnLKmbdM0jDAhZrTeojbFnBM4vU5-NGmjKdGLbv2iWy-69Vb33Pb1ecLUjdC_Nr34nYHvW8AHF9No_sQ09LqYzRCTSyZYn5f4N0cc_pdwDWYo19Yk0DdxSmEW-PaO_wAyCKQ6</recordid><startdate>20150301</startdate><enddate>20150301</enddate><creator>Dasdag, Suleyman</creator><creator>Ta, Muzaffer</creator><creator>Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf</creator><creator>Yegin, Korkut</creator><general>Informa Healthcare USA, Inc</general><general>Informa Healthcare</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150301</creationdate><title>Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions</title><author>Dasdag, Suleyman ; Ta, Muzaffer ; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf ; Yegin, Korkut</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-ebb91f5270a0c23abaf9aa2ecaf77e4e880399b569866b20dc3bc108093935f93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>2.4 GHz Wi-Fi</topic><topic>Absorption, Radiation</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>electromagnetic fields</topic><topic>long-term exposure</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Organ Size - radiation effects</topic><topic>Radio Waves - adverse effects</topic><topic>radiofrequency</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>reproduction</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - physiology</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - radiation effects</topic><topic>testes</topic><topic>Testis - cytology</topic><topic>Testis - growth & development</topic><topic>Testis - physiology</topic><topic>Testis - radiation effects</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Wireless Technology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dasdag, Suleyman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ta, Muzaffer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yegin, Korkut</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Electromagnetic biology and medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dasdag, Suleyman</au><au>Ta, Muzaffer</au><au>Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf</au><au>Yegin, Korkut</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions</atitle><jtitle>Electromagnetic biology and medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Electromagn Biol Med</addtitle><date>2015-03-01</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>37</spage><epage>42</epage><pages>37-42</pages><issn>1536-8378</issn><eissn>1536-8386</eissn><abstract>Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (×106/mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (μm) and tunica albuginea thickness (μm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p < 0.05) while weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules diameter and tunica albuginea thickness were decreased in the exposure group (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). However, other alterations of other parameters were not found significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 μW/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Informa Healthcare USA, Inc</pub><pmid>24460421</pmid><doi>10.3109/15368378.2013.869752</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi Absorption, Radiation Animals electromagnetic fields long-term exposure Male Organ Size - radiation effects Radio Waves - adverse effects radiofrequency Rats Rats, Wistar reproduction Spermatozoa - physiology Spermatozoa - radiation effects testes Testis - cytology Testis - growth & development Testis - physiology Testis - radiation effects Time Factors Wireless Technology |
| title | Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions |
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