Clinical and forensic signs related to ethanol abuse: a mechanistic approach

Abstract For good performance in clinical and forensic toxicology, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms related to xenobiotic exposure since they will assist clinicians to reach a useful and rapid diagnosis. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic im...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxicology mechanisms and methods 2014-02, Vol.24 (2), p.81-110
Main Authors: Dinis-Oliveira, Ricardo Jorge, Magalhães, Teresa, Moreira, Roxana, Proença, Jorge Brandão, Pontes, Helena, Santos, Agostinho, Duarte, José Alberto, Carvalho, Félix
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alcoholism - diagnosis
Alcoholism - physiopathology
Araneae
black hairy tongue
Dupuytren's contracture
Ethanol
Female
fetal alcohol syndrome
Forensic Toxicology
Humans
Male
porphyria cutanea tarda
psoriasis
rhinophyma
spider telangiectasias
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Summary:Abstract For good performance in clinical and forensic toxicology, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms related to xenobiotic exposure since they will assist clinicians to reach a useful and rapid diagnosis. This manuscript highlights and critically analyses clinical and forensic imaging related to ethanol abuse. Here, signs that may lead to suspected ethanol abuse, but that are not necessarily related to liver disease are thoroughly discussed regarding its underlying mechanisms. This includes flushing and disulfiram reactions, urticaria, palmar erythema, spider telangiectasias, porphyria cutanea tarda, "paper money skin", psoriasis, rhinophyma, Dupuytren's contracture, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (lipomatosis Lanois-Bensaude, Madelung's disease), pancreatitis-related signs, black hairy tongue, gout, nail changes, fetal alcohol syndrome, seborrheic dermatitis, sialosis and cancer.
ISSN:1537-6516
1537-6524
DOI:10.3109/15376516.2013.869782