Alfacalcidol-Induced Kidney Injury in Patients with Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities

• Published in: Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 2024/10/31, Vol.70(5), pp.365-369
• Main Authors: UEMURA, Osamu, HASEGAWA, Yuka, NAKASHIMA, Hideaki, HATTORI, Kiyomi, KODUKA, Mari, OTOBE, Yoshihiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alfacalcidol; ectopic calcification; kidney injury; severe motor and intellectual disabilities; vitamin D
• ISSN: 0301-4800; 1881-7742
• DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.70.365

Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) often experience insufficient physical activity, leading to osteoporosis. The active form of vitamin D is commonly prescribed for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. We observed four cases of kidney injury believed to be associated with the administration of 1α-OH vitamin D (alfacalcidol) preparations. This study employed a case series design to investigate change in kidney function in SMID patients following administration or discontinuation of alfacalcidol. We retrospectively analyzed data of 23 SMID patients (sex: 10 males, 13 females; age range: 27 to 74 y), and assessed kidney function, serum calcium, and albumin levels. Data was grouped into A: 16 cases collected both before starting alfacalcidol administration and during alfacalcidol administration; and into B: 11 cases collected during alfacalcidol administration and after discontinuation of alfacalcidol administration. Of the 23 patients, four were assigned into both group A and group B. Of the 16 cases in group A, six showed ≥30% decreased kidney function. Of the 11 cases in group B, the median values of modified Cr-eGFR were 43.0 and 65.1 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively (p=0.008), indicating a significant improvement in kidney function. It is essential for practitioners to understand that osteoporosis may ordinarily occur in SMID patients due to reduced bone stimulation. Thus caution must be exercised when administering active vitamin D preparations to this population, as they carry a risk of kidney organ damage despite having no direct effect on bone health.