Black Hole Coagulation: Modeling Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Populations

Data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detectors have confirmed that stellar-mass black holes can merge within a Hubble time, leaving behind massive remnant black holes. In some astrophysical environments such as globular clusters and active galactic nucle...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2020-04, Vol.893 (1), p.35
Main Authors: Doctor, Z., Wysocki, D., O'Shaughnessy, R., Holz, D. E., Farr, B.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Active galactic nuclei
Astrophysics
Bayesian analysis
Binary stars
Black holes
Coagulation
Compact binary stars
Computer simulation
Disks
Galactic clusters
Globular clusters
Gravitation
Gravitational waves
Interferometers
Population
Populations
Space telescopes
Statistical inference
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Summary:Data from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo detectors have confirmed that stellar-mass black holes can merge within a Hubble time, leaving behind massive remnant black holes. In some astrophysical environments such as globular clusters and active galactic nucleus disks, it may be possible for these remnants to take part in further compact-object mergers, producing a population of hierarchically formed black holes. In this work, we present a parameterized framework for describing the population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers, while self-consistently accounting for hierarchical mergers. The framework casts black holes as particles in a box that can collide based on an effective cross section, but allows inputs from more detailed astrophysical simulations. Our approach is relevant to any population that is comprised of second- or higher-generation black holes, such as primordial black holes or dense cluster environments. We describe some possible inputs to this generic model and their effects on the black hole merger populations and use the model to perform Bayesian inference on the catalog of black holes from LIGO and Virgo's first two observing runs. We find that models with a high rate of hierarchical mergers are disfavored, consistent with previous population analyses. Future gravitational-wave events will further constrain the inputs to this generic hierarchical merger model, enabling a deeper look into the formation environments of BBHs.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ab7fac