A Potential Site for Wide-orbit Giant Planet Formation in the IM Lup Disk

• Published in: Astrophysical journal. Letters 2023-02, Vol.944 (2), p.L53
• Main Authors: Bosman, Arthur D., Appelgren, Johan, Bergin, Edwin A., Lambrechts, Michiel, Johansen, Anders
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi; Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology; Deposition; Drift rate; Dust; Dynamic models; Exoplanet formation; Fysik; Jupiter; Kelvin-Helmholtz instability; Natural Sciences; Naturvetenskap; Physical Sciences; Planet formation; Planetary orbits; Planets; Protoplanetary disks; Radiative transfer; Turbulence; Vertical distribution
• ISSN: 2041-8205; 2041-8213
• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acb651

The radial transport, or drift, of dust has taken a critical role in giant planet formation theory. However, it has been challenging to identify dust drift pileups in the hard-to-observe inner disk. We find that the IM Lup disk shows evidence that it has been shaped by an episode of dust drift. Using radiative transfer and dust dynamical modeling we study the radial and vertical dust distribution. We find that high dust drift rates exceeding 110 M ⊕ Myr −1 are necessary to explain both the dust and CO observations. Furthermore, the bulk of the large dust present in the inner 20 au needs to be vertically extended, implying high turbulence ( α z ≳ 10 −3 ) and small grains (0.2–1 mm). We suggest that this increased level of particle stirring is consistent with the inner dust-rich disk undergoing turbulence triggered by the vertical shear instability. The conditions in the IM Lup disk imply that giant planet formation through pebble accretion is only effective outside of 20 au. If such an early, high-turbulence inner region is a natural consequence of high dust drift rates, then this has major implications for understanding the formation regions of giant planets including Jupiter and Saturn.