CD1d-Based Combination Therapy Eradicates Established Tumors in Mice

• Published in: The Journal of immunology (1950) 2009-08, Vol.183 (3), p.1911-1920
• Main Authors: Teng, Michele W. L, Sharkey, Janelle, McLaughlin, Nicole M, Exley, Mark A, Smyth, Mark J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal - pharmacology; Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use; Antigen-Presenting Cells - drug effects; Antigens, CD1d - immunology; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Colonic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Colonic Neoplasms - immunology; Kidney Neoplasms - drug therapy; Kidney Neoplasms - immunology; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental - drug therapy; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental - immunology; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Neoplasms, Experimental - drug therapy; Neoplasms, Experimental - immunology; Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand - immunology; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9 - immunology
• ISSN: 0022-1767; 1550-6606
• DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900796

The use of Abs that induce tumor cell death together with immunostimulatory reagents to activate innate and adaptive immune cells has emerged as a potent approach for the treatment of cancer. We have previously demonstrated that the use of three mAbs (anti-DR5, anti-CD40, anti-CD137) termed TriMab can induce rejection in a majority of mice with established experimental or carcinogen-induced tumors. However, given the potential toxicity of CD40 agonists in the clinic, we tested an alternative approach to directly activate/mature APCs using anti-CD1d mAbs. In this study, we used a combination of three mAbs (anti-DR5, anti-CD137, anti-CD1d) that we termed 1DMab and demonstrated that this approach suppressed and/or eradicated established experimental renal, breast, and colon carcinomas in mice. Tumor suppression induced by 1DMab therapy required CD8(+) T cells, IFN-gamma, and CD1d, while NK cells and IL-12 were partially required. Interestingly 1DMab therapy was more effective than TriMab in tumor models regulated by CD1d-restricted type II NKT cells, but less efficacious against tumors where T regulatory cells were critical. Anti-CD1d mAbs could also be relatively effective in combination with anti-CD137 and conventional chemotherapeutics. This is the first study to illustrate the antitumor activity of CD1d-reactive mAbs in combination and our results strongly suggest that rational combination chemoimmunotherapies based on tumor immunoregulation may improve the efficacy of treatment.