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Clientelismo o representación política? El “programa” de los mediadores políticos. Reflexiones desde Argentina

The article aims at examining and questioning the notion of “clientelism” in its instrumental sense, based on an empirical study of the activities of political mediators in a northern Argentinian province. The daily doings of local leaders in various elective positions is studied with a qualitative...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales 2017 (229), p.265-296
Main Author: Ortiz de Rozas, Victoria
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
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Summary:The article aims at examining and questioning the notion of “clientelism” in its instrumental sense, based on an empirical study of the activities of political mediators in a northern Argentinian province. The daily doings of local leaders in various elective positions is studied with a qualitative methodological approach. The work reveals that the role of mediators involves not only individuals and particular groups, but also social and territorial groups who are the target of the distribution of public goods yielding collective gains. It is argued that the choice of the beneficiaries of the goods is hardly ever consistent with a simple cost-benefit assessment entailed by the instrumental notion of clientelism, as it rather implies rebuilding and solving the specific problems of the electoral basis’ members. The method of allocating resources is filtered by the mediator, who assigns them according to her/his knowledge of the represented territory and general policy orientations. The dualism between clientelistic and programmatic links is thus questioned, showing that the distribution of public goods by political mediators is always guided by symbolic and/or programmatic criteria. Thus, the author suggests a re-conceptualization of the notion of clientelism that accounts for the political representation dimension involved in this notion. El artículo se propone examinar y cuestionar la categoría de “clientelismo” en su acepción instrumental, a la luz del estudio empírico de las actividades de los mediadores políticos en una provincia del norte argentino. A través de un abordaje metodológico cualitativo, se estudia la actividad cotidiana de dirigentes con diferentes cargos electivos. Se muestra cómo el papel de los mediadores no sólo involucra a individuos y grupos particulares, sino también colectivos sociales y territoriales, objeto de la distribución de bienes públicos que producen beneficios colectivos. Se plantea que la elección de los destinatarios de los bienes difícilmente coincide con la simple evaluación costo-beneficio que supone la noción instrumental de clientelismo, ya que implica más bien un trabajo de reconstrucción y producción de las problemáticas específicas de los integrantes de las bases electorales. El modo de distribuir recursos es filtrado por la persona del mediador, quien los asigna según su conocimiento del territorio representado y orientaciones de política general. Se cuestiona, así, el dualismo entre vínculos clientelares y prog
ISSN:2448-492X
0185-1918
0185-1918