Los insecticidas y el control de plagas agrícolas :: la magnitud de su uso en cultivos de algunas provincias de Ecuador

• Published in: Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria 2020-04, Vol.21 (1), p.1-16
• Main Authors: Cun, Jorge, Peñarrieta Bravo, Soraya, Castro, Rossana, Geraud Pouey, Francis, Castro, Jessenia, T. Chirinos, Dorys, Solis, Leonardo
• Format: Article
• Language: por ; spa
• Subjects: crop management; desbalances ecológicos; ecological imbalances; environmental impact; impacto ambiental; manejo del cultivo; pesticides; plaguicidas; sostenibilidad; sustainability
• ISSN: 0122-8706
• DOI: 10.21930/RCTA.VOL21_NUM1_ART:1276

In agricultural pest control, insecticides represent the main available alternative. To analyze the magnitude of its use, 539 interviews to farmers were carried out considering the following crops: Cucurbitaceae: melon, Cucumis melo, and watermelon, Citrullus lanatus; Fabaceae: common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanaceae: potato, Solanum tuberosum, pepper, Capsicum annuum and tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, located in the provinces of Chimborazo, El Oro, Guayas, Loja and Santa Elena. Information was requested on important pests and type of manage-ment; if chemical pesticides were used, the following information was registered: Generic name, the active ingredient, acute toxicity, dosage, spraying frequency, waiting periods, and product mixture. All interviewed farmers expressed the use of insec-ticide mixtures, raising the recommended dosages without considering the waiting periods of each product. Additionally, farmers reported 2.6, 1.1, 0.5, 2.0, and 2.8 weekly aspersions for cucurbits (melon and watermelon), common bean, potato, pepper, and tomato, respectively. The main pests mentioned were: aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in cucurbits and pepper, Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in common bean, Premnotrypes vorax (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in potato and Prodiplosis longifila (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in tomato. Approximately 80 % of the insecticides used belong to Class I and II. The results indicated high spraying frequencies, high dosages and high toxicity for vertebrates with the insecticides used by farmers. Given the impact of insecticides, it is necessary to study imbalances in agroecosystems, effects on health, and also on the environment, as well as to validate more rational ecological and socio-economic alternatives. En el control de plagas agrícolas, los insecticidas representan la principal alternativa disponible. Para analizar la magnitud de su uso, se realizaron 539 entrevistas a agricultores en los siguientes cultivos: Cucurbitaceae: melón, Cucumis melo, y sandía, Citrullus lanatus; Fabaceae: frijol, Phaseolus vulgaris; Solanaceae: papa, Solanum tuberosum, pimiento, Capsicum annuum, y tomate, Solanum lycopersicum, ubicados en las provincias Chimborazo, El Oro, Guayas, Loja y Santa Elena, en Ecuador. Se recabó información sobre plagas importantes, tipo de manejo y si resultaba plaguicida químico, y se consignaba nombre genérico, ingrediente activo, toxicidad aguda, dosificación aplicada, frecuencia de aspersiones, periodos de carencia y m