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YIield of cocoa under different agroforestry systems in a dry tropical forest in western Colombia

The expansion and modernization of the cocoa area under new strategies, such as the use of adapted genetic material and the establishment of Agroforestry Systems with cocoa, under criteria of competitiveness and sustainability, require selecting sites with adequate biophysical conditions, which faci...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioagro 2022, Vol.34 (1), p.39-50
Main Authors: Escobar Ramírez, Carlos H, Martínez Bustamante, Enrique G, Cordoba Gaona, Oscar de Jesús, Correa Londoño, Guillermo
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The expansion and modernization of the cocoa area under new strategies, such as the use of adapted genetic material and the establishment of Agroforestry Systems with cocoa, under criteria of competitiveness and sustainability, require selecting sites with adequate biophysical conditions, which facilitate the optimization of resources for production. In this sense, we conducted a study in the Estación Agraria Cotové, of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, located in a tropical dry forest life zone (TDF), at 540 meters of elevation, with an average temperature of 27 ºC, average annual precipitation annual of 1,031 mm and relative humidity less than 70 %. The yield components and productive potential of four cocoa clones, ICS 95, TSH565, CCN 51, and ICS 60, were evaluated. The cocoa clones were planted under two controlled sunlight habitats, generated by the timber species Gmelina arborea Roxb. (single-row and double-row arrangement), and two different canopy management of the cocoa plants (plagiotropic and orthotropic growth stimulus). The clones TSH 565 and CCN 51 showed the highest yields in the two harvest years. ICS 95 showed the lowest bean index. Regarding the pod index, no differences were observed between the cocoa clones. Clones TSH 565 and CCN 51 stood out as the earliest and most productive clones. La ampliación y modernización del área cacaotera, bajo nuevas estrategias, como la utilización de material genético sobresaliente y el establecimiento de Sistemas Agroforestales con cacao, bajo criterios de competitividad y sostenibilidad exigen la selección de sitios con adecuadas condiciones biofísicas, que faciliten la optimización de los recursos para la producción. Esta investigación se desarrolló en la Estación Agraria Cotové, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ubicada en una zona de vida de bosque seco tropical (bs-T), a una altitud aproximada de 540 msnm., con temperatura promedio de 27ºC, precipitación media anual de 1.031 mm y humedad relativa menor al 70 %. Se evaluaron los componentes del rendimiento y potencial productivo de cuatro materiales genéticos de cacao (ICS 95, TSH565, CCN 51, ICS 60) dispuestos bajo dos hábitats lumínicos de la especie maderable Gmelina arborea Roxb. (hilera simple o hilera doble), sometidos a dos manejos diferentes de la copa del cacao (modificación de su arquitectura mediante el estímulo del crecimiento plagiotrópico u ortotrópico). Los clones de cacao TSH 565 y CCN 51 fueron los que presentaron los mayo
ISSN:2521-9693
1316-3361