Posicionamiento competitivo y dinamismo comercial del departamento de Santander en el año 2020

• Published in: Económicas CUC 2022, Vol.43 (2), p.35-55
• Main Authors: Ramírez Montañez, Julio, Valero Córdoba, Gladys Mireya, Sarmiento Suárez, Jaime Enrique
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: canasta exportable; comportamiento exportador; departamento de Santander; dinamismo importador; Dinámica exportadora; export behavior; Export dynamics; exportable basket; import dynamism; Posicionamiento competitivo; Santander deparment
• ISSN: 0120-3932; 2382-3860

The objective of this research article was to determine the positioning and commercial dynamics of Santander in 2020 by applying the indicators of commercial concentration at the level of products, proportions in world trade exchanges, number of main destinations / origins, index relative trade balance (IBCR) and the Balassa index. The methodology implemented in this article had explorative and descriptive aspects; explorative by obtaining data on the behavior of the representative sectors of Santander in the dynamics of internationalization: and descriptive by integrating a set of indicators to determine its internationalization strategy and the results of the main foreign trade indices. Among the main results, the following stand out: there is a high level of concentration of Santander's exports in 2020, where oil and coffee account for 64% of the department's total exports. The first import tariff items concentrate 51% of Santander's total imports in 2020, presenting a lower concentration compared to exports. Santander contributed 0.002% of world exports in 2020. The products that have a higher percentage of participation are coffee, with a participation of 0.29% of world exports of the grain. The department of Santander contributes 0.003 %% of world imports in 2020. The products that have a higher percentage of Santander's share in world imports in 2020 are agricultural products with percentage shares of: Corn (0.29%), concentrated milk (0.21%), soybean oil residues (0.19%) and wheat (0.14%). The United States is Santander's main commercial partner, having a greater weight in imports, contributing 49.6% of the department's international purchases. The member countries of the T-MEC trade agreement are Santander's main trading partners. El objetivo del presente artículo de investigación fue determinar el posicionamiento y la dinámica comercial del departamento de Santander en el año 2020 mediante la aplicación de los indicadores de concentración comercial al nivel de productos, proporciones en los intercambios comerciales mundiales, número de destinos / orígenes principales, índice de balanza comercial relativa (IBCR) y el índice de Balassa. Se emplea un método analítico y deductivo, en el que inicialmente se analiza el comportamiento exportador del departamento de Santander por capítulos del arancel de aduanas, para, con base en dicho comportamiento, seleccionar la oferta exportable. Luego, se toma como canasta exportable del departamento de Santander,