Factores de riesgo de la enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a disfunción metabólica en población hispanomexicana

• Published in: Revista española de salud pública 2023 (97)
• Main Authors: Mora, Silvia I, García Román, Jonathan, Ortiz León, María Cristina, Marín Carmona, José A, Miranda Reza, Aidé, Peréz Carreón, Julio I, Rodríguez Romero, Edit, Morales Romero, Jaime, Bahena Cerón, Roberto A, Hernández Gutiérrez, Héctor, García Román, Rebeca, Rivadeneyra Domínguez, Eduardo, Riande Juárez, Gabriel
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: associated fatty liver disease; Enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a disfunción metabólica; Factores de riesgo; Metabolic dysfunction; Mexican population; Población mexicana; Risk factors
• ISSN: 2173-9110; 1135-5727

BACKGROUND // Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a poor attended disease, which has gained attention due the elevated number of cases in countries as Mexico, where the incidence is the number 4th globally. MAFLD develops in obese or overweighted individuals and is characterized by triglycerides accumulation in the liver, this condition can develop to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been observed that MAFLD depends on the genetics and lifestyle. Due to the high prevalence of this disease among Hispanic population, we focused on this study in the characteristics and prevalence of MAFLD in Mexican patients. METHODS // In this study were included 572 overweighted and obese patients, who underwent a screening analysis using the fatty liver index (IHG), clinical parameters were analysed, demographic and comorbidities. Frequency of variables were obtained, and the data were analysed by Chi-square test or Fisher test, odd ratio (OR) and binary logistic regression. RESULTS // A MALFD prevalence of 37% were obtained, where the history of familiar obesity, paracetamol usage, carbohydrate and fat intake are shown to be risk factors. It was found that high blood pressure, central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia were also associated to the MAFLD development. On the other hand, physical exercise was a protector factor. CONCLUSIONS // Our results show the necessity to study the MAFLD causalities in Mexican patients, focused on the paracetamol intake. FUNDAMENTOS // La enfermedad hepática grasa asociada a disfunción metabólica (MAFLD) es una enfermedad poco considerada, que ha recibido atención debido al número de casos en países como México, donde ocupa el 4º lugar mundial de incidencia. La MAFLD se desarrolla en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad y se caracteriza por la acumulación de triglicéridos en el hígado, donde puede evolucionar hacia carcinoma hepatocelular. Se ha observado que la MAFLD depende de la genética y del estilo de vida. Tomando en cuenta la alta prevalencia de MAFLD en la población hispana, nos enfocamos en este trabajo en estudiar la prevalencia y características relacionadas con esta enfermedad en pacientes mexicanos. MÉTODOS // En este estudio se incluyeron 572 pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad, a los cuales se les realizó un análisis de cribado mediante el índice de hígado graso (IHG), se analizaron parámetros clínicos, demográficos y comorbilidades. Se obtuvieron frecuencias de las variables y se analizaron los datos