Metaanálisis del impacto de la actividad física en la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas

• Published in: Retos (Madrid) 2025 (62), p.777-786
• Main Authors: Aguirre Chávez, Juan Francisco, Robles Hernández, Guadalupe Simanga Ivett, Montes Mata, Karla Juanita, Franco Gallegos, Leticia Irene
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: actividad física; bone health; masa muscular; mujeres postmenopáusicas; muscle mass; physical activity; postmenopausal women; salud ósea
• ISSN: 1579-1726; 1988-2041; 1988-2041

This meta-analysis examines the impact of physical activity on bone and muscle health in postmenopausal women, a popu-lation particularly vulnerable to the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle mass due to reduced estrogen levels. The comprehensive search included studies up to June 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, selecting those that evaluated the effects of physical activity on BMD and muscle mass in postmenopausal women. Fourteenstudies with a total of 2,120 participants were included. The results showed that physical activity, especially resistance and aerobic exercises, had a signifi-cantly positive effect on the BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Additionally, an increase in muscle mass and strength was observed in women who participated in regular physical activity programs compared to those who did not. These findings underscore the importance of regular physical activity for bone and muscle health in postmenopausal women, highlighting resistance and high-impact exercises as particularly beneficial. The evidence suggests that physical activity should be an integral part of clinical recommen-dations for this population, as it can play a crucial rolein preventing osteoporosis and sarcopenia. In conclusion, regular physical activity is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to improve bone and muscle health in postmenopausal women. Este metaanálisis examina el impacto de la actividad física en la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas, una población particularmente vulnerable a la disminución de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y la masa muscular debido a la reducción de los niveles de estrógenos. La búsqueda exhaustiva incluyó estudios hasta junio de 2023 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Cochrane Library, seleccionando aquellos que evaluaron los efectos de la actividad física en la DMO y la masa muscular en mujeres postmenopáusicas. Se incluyeron 14estudios con un total de 2,120 participantes. Los resultados mostraron que la actividad física, especialmente los ejercicios de resistencia y aeróbicos, tuvo un efecto positivo significativo en la DMO de la columna lumbar y la cadera femoral. Además, se observó un aumento en la masa muscular y la fuerza en las mujeres que participaron en programas de actividad física regular, en comparación con aquellas que no lo hicieron. Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de la actividad física regular para la salud ósea y muscular en mujeres