Measuring Marine Biotoxins in a Hypersaline Coastal Lagoon

Marine biotoxins have posed a persistent problem along various coasts for many years. Coastal lagoons are ecosystems prone to phytoplankton blooms when altered by eutrophication. The Mar Menor is the largest hypersaline coastal lagoon in Europe. Sixteen marine toxins, including lipophilic toxins, ye...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2023-08, Vol.15 (9), p.526
Main Authors: Oller-Ruiz, Ainhoa, Alcaraz-Oliver, Nuria, Férez, Gema, Gilabert, Javier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidification
Analysis
Analytical chemistry
Aquaculture
Aqueous solutions
Chemical analysis
coastal lagoons
Contamination
Domoic acid
Environmental stress
Eutrophication
Fisheries
Food chains
Food safety
Identification and classification
Ions
Lagoons
Lipophilic
Liquid chromatography
Mar Menor
Marine toxins
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Phytoplankton
Quadrupoles
Seafood
Seawater
Shellfish
solid phase extraction
Solid phases
Toxins
triple quadrupole mass spectrometry
Water analysis
Water quality
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Summary:Marine biotoxins have posed a persistent problem along various coasts for many years. Coastal lagoons are ecosystems prone to phytoplankton blooms when altered by eutrophication. The Mar Menor is the largest hypersaline coastal lagoon in Europe. Sixteen marine toxins, including lipophilic toxins, yessotoxins, and domoic acid (DA), in seawater samples from the Mar Menor coastal lagoon were measured in one year. Only DA was detected in the range of 44.9–173.8 ng L−1. Environmental stressors and mechanisms controlling the presence of DA in the lagoon are discussed. As an enrichment and clean-up method, we employed solid phase extraction to filter and acidify 75 mL of the sample, followed by pre-concentration through a C18 SPE cartridge. The analytes were recovered in aqueous solutions and directly injected into the liquid chromatography system (LC-MS), which was equipped with a C18 column. The system operated in gradient mode, and we used tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with a triple quadrupole (QqQ) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) for analysis. The absence of matrix effects was checked and the limits of detection for most toxins were low, ranging from 0.05 to 91.2 ng L−1, depending on the compound. To validate the measurements, we performed recovery studies, falling in the range of 74–122%, with an intraday precision below 14.9% RSD.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins15090526