Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm after thoracic radiation therapy: A case report and review of the literature

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare cause of hemoptysis. Potential causes include trauma, infection, or medical interventions. There is a risk of rupture, which is associated with a high mortality rate. We describe a 72-year-old patient, with a past medical history of a lung carcinoma fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Respirology case reports 2024-04, Vol.12 (4), p.e01349-n/a
Main Authors: Maessen, Gerdinique G C, Hoffman, Thijs T W, Graat-Verboom, Lidwien L, van Leersum, Marc M, Mager, Hans-Jurgen J J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Asymptomatic
Cancer therapies
Case Report
Case Reports
Catheters
Embolization
Iatrogenesis
Intervention
Lung cancer
lung carcinoma
Medical imaging
Medical prognosis
Patients
Pseudoaneurysm
Pulmonary arteries
pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm
Radiation therapy
radiotherapy
Squamous cell carcinoma
Thoracic surgery
Tumors
Veins & arteries
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm (PAP) is a rare cause of hemoptysis. Potential causes include trauma, infection, or medical interventions. There is a risk of rupture, which is associated with a high mortality rate. We describe a 72-year-old patient, with a past medical history of a lung carcinoma for which she was treated with chemoradiotherapy 6 years prior, who presented with hemoptysis. She was hemodynamically stable and there were no other complaints. CT angiography of the thorax showed a PAP originating from a branch of the right pulmonary artery in the previously irradiated area. The patient was successfully treated by an embolization with plugs. Treatment of lung carcinoma with chemoradiotherapy can result in the development of a PAP. Clinicians should be aware of this complication, even years after the therapy. In literature, only a few cases of PAP in patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer are described, with a maximum interval up to 7 years.
ISSN:2051-3380
2051-3380
DOI:10.1002/rcr2.1349