Physical and Mechanical Properties of Composite Scaffolds with or without Collagen Impregnation

• Published in: Applied sciences 2019-10, Vol.9 (20), p.4296
• Main Authors: Marcos, José Joaquín López, Perrotti, Vittoria, Iaculli, Flavia, Aragones, Águedo, Benfatti, Cesar Augusto Magalhães, Magrin, Gabriel Leonardo, Piattelli, Adriano, Bianchini, Marco Aurélio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Bone growth; Calcium phosphates; Carbon; Chemical analysis; Collagen; composite; Composite materials; Compression; Compression tests; Evaluation; Glycolic acid; hydrophilicity; Hydroxyapatite; Impregnation; In vivo methods and tests; Leaching; Maxillofacial; Mechanical properties; Morphology; Particle size; Phosphorus; Physical properties; Polylactic acid; Polylactide-co-glycolide; Polymers; Porosity; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Retention capacity; Scaffolds; Scanning electron microscopy; Solvents; Statistical methods; Test methods; Tissue engineering; Wettability
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app9204296

This in vitro study aimed at evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of newly developed scaffolds of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and biphasic ceramic (Hydroxyapatite HA + beta-tricalciumphosphate β-TCP) with or without collagen impregnation to be used for bone regeneration in the oral and maxillofacial district. Solvent casting and particle leaching techniques were used to produce the scaffolds, which were then divided into six groups according to PLGA/HA + β-TCP ratio and impregnation with collagen: G1 (50/50) + collagen; G2 (60/40) + collagen; G3 (40/60) + collagen; G4 (50/50); G5 (60/40); G6 (40/60). As control group, inorganic xenogenous bone was used. Structure and porosity were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and a chemical analysis was performed through an energy-dispersive spectrometer. Moreover, to evaluate the hydrophilicity of the samples, a wettability test was conceived, and finally, mechanical properties were examined by a compression test. High porosity and interconnectivity, resulting in a large surface area and great fluid retention capacity, were presented by the PLGA/HA + β-TCP scaffolds. In the composite groups, collagen increased the wettability and the mechanical resistance, although the latter was not statistically affected by the percentage of HA + β-TCP added. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for a deeper understanding of the influence of collagen on the biological behavior of the developed composite materials and their potential, namely biocompatibility and bioactivity, for bone tissue regeneration.