Comorbidities and their association with COVID-19 mortality in Mexico between January 2020 and August 2021

• Published in: PloS one 2024-04, Vol.19 (4), p.e0296895-e0296895
• Main Authors: Lowhorn, Ryan J, Chowdhury, Mohammed, Kimitei, Symon, Haskin, Sammie, Masum, Mohammad, Rahman, A K M Fazlur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacterial pneumonia; Biology and Life Sciences; Chronic kidney failure; Comorbidity; Complications and side effects; COVID-19; Data entry; Health aspects; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypertension; Immunotherapy; Lung diseases, Obstructive; Male; Medicine and Health Sciences; Mexico; Mortality; Patient outcomes; People and Places; Pneumonia; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; State Medicine
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296895

By August 17, 2021, 4.3 million people had died globally as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While data collection is ongoing, it is abundantly obvious that this is one of the most significant public health crises in modern history. Consequently, global efforts are being made to attain a greater understanding of this disease and to identify risk factors associated with more severe outcomes. The goal of this study is to identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in Mexico. The dataset used in this study was released by Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiologica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (SISVER) de la Secretaría de Salud and contains 2.9 million COVID-19 cases. The effects of risk factors on COVID-19 mortality were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimation equation and Kaplan-Meier curves. Case fatality rates, case hospitalization rates are also reported using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) USA death-to-case ratio method. In general, older males with pre-existing conditions had higher odds of death. Age greater than 40, male sex, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are associated with higher COVID-19 mortality. End-stage renal disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and immunosuppression are all linked with COVID-19 patient fatalities. Smoking and Asthma are associated with lower COVID-19 mortality which is consistent with findings from the article published in Nature based on National Health Service (NHS) of UK dataset (17 million cases). Intensive care unit (ICU), patient intubation, and pneumonia diagnosis are shown to substantially increase mortality risk for COVID-19 patients.