Cytogenetic profile of adult acute myeloid leukemia in Egypt: a single-center experience

Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse disease characterized by the expansion of blasts of myeloid lineage. Cytogenetic testing is the cornerstone for risk stratification of AML patients. Geographical and environmental factors may play a very important role in the development of leukem...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular cytogenetics 2022-10, Vol.15 (1), p.1-43, Article 43
Main Authors: Elnaggar, Mohamed G, Mosad, Eman, Makboul, Ahmed, Shafik, Engy Adel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute myeloid leukemia
Adults
Age
AML
Analysis
Cell division
Chromosomes
Cytogenetics
Egypt
Environmental factors
Females
Gene mapping
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Hematology
Karyotypes
Karyotyping
Leukemia
Males
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mutation
Myelocytic leukemia
Next-generation sequencing
Nonlymphoid leukemia
Patients
Software
Tumors
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Summary:Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a diverse disease characterized by the expansion of blasts of myeloid lineage. Cytogenetic testing is the cornerstone for risk stratification of AML patients. Geographical and environmental factors may play a very important role in the development of leukemia and several differences in genetic profile may be seen among different ethnicities. In our study, we evaluated cytogenetic findings of adult AML patients in South Egypt. Methods Cytogenetic testing (karyotyping and M-FISH) was performed for 120 adult patients with AML. Twenty metaphases were analyzed for each patient. Results In our study, the median age of AML patients was 36.5 years, with an age range between 18 and 86 years. 56.7% of patients had normal karyotypes and 43.3% of patients had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. t (15;17) was the most detected structural abnormality, and + 8 was the most detected numerical abnormality. Regarding cytogenetic risk stratification, 65% of patients were in the intermediate-risk category. Conclusion The cytogenetic profile of AML patients in our locality showed some differences and some similarities with cytogenetic profiles in different Arab, Asian and Western countries. Further studies are needed using advanced techniques such as next-generation sequencing and optical genome mapping to elucidate more ethnic and geographic genetic heterogeneity among different countries. Keywords: AML, Karyotyping, Cytogenetics, Egypt
ISSN:1755-8166
1755-8166
DOI:10.1186/s13039-022-00621-1