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Investigations with Drugs and Pesticides Revealed New Species- and Substrate-Dependent Inhibition by Elacridar and Imazalil in Human and Mouse Organic Cation Transporter OCT2
Multiple drugs are used to treat various indications as well as pesticides that are ingested unintentionally and enter the bloodstream. The residence time or bioavailability of these substances in circulation depends on several mechanisms, such as drug−drug interaction (DDI), drug−pesticide interact...
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Published in: | International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15795 |
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description | Multiple drugs are used to treat various indications as well as pesticides that are ingested unintentionally and enter the bloodstream. The residence time or bioavailability of these substances in circulation depends on several mechanisms, such as drug−drug interaction (DDI), drug−pesticide interaction, metabolizing enzymes and the hepatic and renal transport systems, involved in the elimination of the compounds from the body. One of these transporters is the Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) member of the solute carrier (SLC22) transporter family. OCT2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule epithelial cells in human and mouse kidney, where it mediates the uptake of endogenous organic cations as well as numerous drugs and xenobiotics, and contributes to the first step of renal clearance. In this study, we examined OCT2 on two subjects: First, the transferability of data from mouse to human, since mice are initially examined in the development of new drugs to assess the renal excretion of organic cations. Second, to what extent the choice of substrate affects the properties of an inhibitor. For this purpose, the functional properties of hOCT2 and mOct2 were validated under the same experimental conditions with the known substrates metformin and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP). While hOCT2 and mOct2 showed very low affinities for metformin with Km values of 3.9 mM and 3.5 mM, the affinity of hOCT2 and mOct2 for MPP (62 and 40 µM) was 64- and 89-fold higher, respectively. For our positive control inhibitor decynium22, we determined the following IC50 values for hOCT2 and mOct2: 2.2 and 2.6 µM for metformin uptake, and 16 and 6.9 µM for MPP uptake. A correlation analysis of the inhibitory effects of 13 drugs and 9 pesticides on hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated transport of metformin showed a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.88, indicating good interspecies correlation. Nevertheless, the bioenhancer elacridar and the fungicide imazalil showed species-dependent inhibitory potentials. Concentration-dependent inhibition of hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated metformin uptake by elacridar showed IC50 values of 20 µM and 1.9 µM and by imazalil 4.7 µM and 0.58 µM, respectively. In conclusion, although our data show comparable species-independent interactions for most compounds, there can be large species−specific differences in the interactions of individual compounds, which should be considered when extrapolating data from mice to humans. Furthermore, a comparison of t |
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The residence time or bioavailability of these substances in circulation depends on several mechanisms, such as drug−drug interaction (DDI), drug−pesticide interaction, metabolizing enzymes and the hepatic and renal transport systems, involved in the elimination of the compounds from the body. One of these transporters is the Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) member of the solute carrier (SLC22) transporter family. OCT2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule epithelial cells in human and mouse kidney, where it mediates the uptake of endogenous organic cations as well as numerous drugs and xenobiotics, and contributes to the first step of renal clearance. In this study, we examined OCT2 on two subjects: First, the transferability of data from mouse to human, since mice are initially examined in the development of new drugs to assess the renal excretion of organic cations. Second, to what extent the choice of substrate affects the properties of an inhibitor. For this purpose, the functional properties of hOCT2 and mOct2 were validated under the same experimental conditions with the known substrates metformin and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP). While hOCT2 and mOct2 showed very low affinities for metformin with Km values of 3.9 mM and 3.5 mM, the affinity of hOCT2 and mOct2 for MPP (62 and 40 µM) was 64- and 89-fold higher, respectively. For our positive control inhibitor decynium22, we determined the following IC50 values for hOCT2 and mOct2: 2.2 and 2.6 µM for metformin uptake, and 16 and 6.9 µM for MPP uptake. A correlation analysis of the inhibitory effects of 13 drugs and 9 pesticides on hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated transport of metformin showed a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.88, indicating good interspecies correlation. Nevertheless, the bioenhancer elacridar and the fungicide imazalil showed species-dependent inhibitory potentials. Concentration-dependent inhibition of hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated metformin uptake by elacridar showed IC50 values of 20 µM and 1.9 µM and by imazalil 4.7 µM and 0.58 µM, respectively. In conclusion, although our data show comparable species-independent interactions for most compounds, there can be large species−specific differences in the interactions of individual compounds, which should be considered when extrapolating data from mice to humans. Furthermore, a comparison of the inhibitory potential of elacridar and imazalil on metformin uptake with that on MPP uptake reveals substrate-dependent differences in hOCT2 and mOct2 for both inhibitors. Therefore, it might be useful to test two different substrates in inhibition studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-6596</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1422-0067</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415795</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36555439</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Affinity ; Animals ; Bioavailability ; Cations ; Correlation analysis ; Correlation coefficients ; Drug development ; Drug interaction ; Drugs ; elacridar and imazalil ; Epithelial cells ; Epithelium ; Fungicides ; Humans ; Inhibitors ; Kidneys ; Laboratory animals ; Metabolites ; Metformin ; Metformin - pharmacology ; Mice ; Oct-2 protein ; OCT2 ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; Organic cation transporter ; Organic Cation Transporter 2 ; Pesticides ; Pesticides - pharmacology ; Renal function ; SLC22 ; species differences ; Substrate inhibition ; Transportation systems ; Xenobiotics</subject><ispartof>International journal of molecular sciences, 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15795</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2022 by the authors. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-3effcc0212ed5e869cec89b313cacd68ac0fe2b7ccb93028410a21574119fbd53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-3effcc0212ed5e869cec89b313cacd68ac0fe2b7ccb93028410a21574119fbd53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756737983/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2756737983?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36555439$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kuehne, Annett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Floerl, Saskia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagos, Yohannes</creatorcontrib><title>Investigations with Drugs and Pesticides Revealed New Species- and Substrate-Dependent Inhibition by Elacridar and Imazalil in Human and Mouse Organic Cation Transporter OCT2</title><title>International journal of molecular sciences</title><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><description>Multiple drugs are used to treat various indications as well as pesticides that are ingested unintentionally and enter the bloodstream. The residence time or bioavailability of these substances in circulation depends on several mechanisms, such as drug−drug interaction (DDI), drug−pesticide interaction, metabolizing enzymes and the hepatic and renal transport systems, involved in the elimination of the compounds from the body. One of these transporters is the Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) member of the solute carrier (SLC22) transporter family. OCT2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule epithelial cells in human and mouse kidney, where it mediates the uptake of endogenous organic cations as well as numerous drugs and xenobiotics, and contributes to the first step of renal clearance. In this study, we examined OCT2 on two subjects: First, the transferability of data from mouse to human, since mice are initially examined in the development of new drugs to assess the renal excretion of organic cations. Second, to what extent the choice of substrate affects the properties of an inhibitor. For this purpose, the functional properties of hOCT2 and mOct2 were validated under the same experimental conditions with the known substrates metformin and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP). While hOCT2 and mOct2 showed very low affinities for metformin with Km values of 3.9 mM and 3.5 mM, the affinity of hOCT2 and mOct2 for MPP (62 and 40 µM) was 64- and 89-fold higher, respectively. For our positive control inhibitor decynium22, we determined the following IC50 values for hOCT2 and mOct2: 2.2 and 2.6 µM for metformin uptake, and 16 and 6.9 µM for MPP uptake. A correlation analysis of the inhibitory effects of 13 drugs and 9 pesticides on hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated transport of metformin showed a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.88, indicating good interspecies correlation. Nevertheless, the bioenhancer elacridar and the fungicide imazalil showed species-dependent inhibitory potentials. Concentration-dependent inhibition of hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated metformin uptake by elacridar showed IC50 values of 20 µM and 1.9 µM and by imazalil 4.7 µM and 0.58 µM, respectively. In conclusion, although our data show comparable species-independent interactions for most compounds, there can be large species−specific differences in the interactions of individual compounds, which should be considered when extrapolating data from mice to humans. Furthermore, a comparison of the inhibitory potential of elacridar and imazalil on metformin uptake with that on MPP uptake reveals substrate-dependent differences in hOCT2 and mOct2 for both inhibitors. Therefore, it might be useful to test two different substrates in inhibition studies.</description><subject>Affinity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Drug development</subject><subject>Drug interaction</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>elacridar and imazalil</subject><subject>Epithelial cells</subject><subject>Epithelium</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Metformin</subject><subject>Metformin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Oct-2 protein</subject><subject>OCT2</subject><subject>Organic Cation Transport Proteins</subject><subject>Organic cation transporter</subject><subject>Organic Cation Transporter 2</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Pesticides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Renal function</subject><subject>SLC22</subject><subject>species differences</subject><subject>Substrate inhibition</subject><subject>Transportation systems</subject><subject>Xenobiotics</subject><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><issn>1422-0067</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5IoscQ74I1--IKFtoSsVFtHlbE3sya5XiRPsZKvyo_iNeLOl6p5szbx6Zvz6TZK3jH4QQtKPdtcFLnjG8lLmz5JzlnGeUlqUz5_cz5JXIewojcJcvkzORJHneSbkefJ36fYYRruB0fYukDs7bsmlnzaBgDPkx6GnrcFAfuIeoUVDvuMduR1QWwzpLLqd6jB6GDG9xAGdQTeSpdva2h6YpL4nVy1obw34Wb_s4A-0tiXWkeupAzdXv_VTQLLyG3BWk8W8D1l7cGHo_YierBZr_jp50UAb8M3DeZH8-nK1XlynN6uvy8Xnm1RnFRtTgU2jNeWMo8mxKqRGXclaMKFBm6ICTRvkdal1LQXlVcYo8OhgxphsapOLi2R55JoedmrwtgN_r3qwai70fqPAR2daVJTJgldUNCXIjGWmElJAdD4vSqllXkbWpyNrmOoOjY72eGhPoKcdZ7dq0--VLCtazYD3DwDf_57ij6hdP3kX3694GceIUlYiqtKjSvs-BI_N4wRG1SEq6iQqUf_u6VqP6v_ZEP8AMBy8zQ</recordid><startdate>20221213</startdate><enddate>20221213</enddate><creator>Kuehne, Annett</creator><creator>Floerl, Saskia</creator><creator>Hagos, Yohannes</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221213</creationdate><title>Investigations with Drugs and Pesticides Revealed New Species- and Substrate-Dependent Inhibition by Elacridar and Imazalil in Human and Mouse Organic Cation Transporter OCT2</title><author>Kuehne, Annett ; Floerl, Saskia ; Hagos, Yohannes</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c481t-3effcc0212ed5e869cec89b313cacd68ac0fe2b7ccb93028410a21574119fbd53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Affinity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Drug development</topic><topic>Drug interaction</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>elacridar and imazalil</topic><topic>Epithelial cells</topic><topic>Epithelium</topic><topic>Fungicides</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Metformin</topic><topic>Metformin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Oct-2 protein</topic><topic>OCT2</topic><topic>Organic Cation Transport Proteins</topic><topic>Organic cation transporter</topic><topic>Organic Cation Transporter 2</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Pesticides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Renal function</topic><topic>SLC22</topic><topic>species differences</topic><topic>Substrate inhibition</topic><topic>Transportation systems</topic><topic>Xenobiotics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kuehne, Annett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Floerl, Saskia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hagos, Yohannes</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>ProQuest_Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kuehne, Annett</au><au>Floerl, Saskia</au><au>Hagos, Yohannes</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigations with Drugs and Pesticides Revealed New Species- and Substrate-Dependent Inhibition by Elacridar and Imazalil in Human and Mouse Organic Cation Transporter OCT2</atitle><jtitle>International journal of molecular sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Mol Sci</addtitle><date>2022-12-13</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>23</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>15795</spage><pages>15795-</pages><issn>1422-0067</issn><issn>1661-6596</issn><eissn>1422-0067</eissn><abstract>Multiple drugs are used to treat various indications as well as pesticides that are ingested unintentionally and enter the bloodstream. The residence time or bioavailability of these substances in circulation depends on several mechanisms, such as drug−drug interaction (DDI), drug−pesticide interaction, metabolizing enzymes and the hepatic and renal transport systems, involved in the elimination of the compounds from the body. One of these transporters is the Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) member of the solute carrier (SLC22) transporter family. OCT2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule epithelial cells in human and mouse kidney, where it mediates the uptake of endogenous organic cations as well as numerous drugs and xenobiotics, and contributes to the first step of renal clearance. In this study, we examined OCT2 on two subjects: First, the transferability of data from mouse to human, since mice are initially examined in the development of new drugs to assess the renal excretion of organic cations. Second, to what extent the choice of substrate affects the properties of an inhibitor. For this purpose, the functional properties of hOCT2 and mOct2 were validated under the same experimental conditions with the known substrates metformin and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP). While hOCT2 and mOct2 showed very low affinities for metformin with Km values of 3.9 mM and 3.5 mM, the affinity of hOCT2 and mOct2 for MPP (62 and 40 µM) was 64- and 89-fold higher, respectively. For our positive control inhibitor decynium22, we determined the following IC50 values for hOCT2 and mOct2: 2.2 and 2.6 µM for metformin uptake, and 16 and 6.9 µM for MPP uptake. A correlation analysis of the inhibitory effects of 13 drugs and 9 pesticides on hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated transport of metformin showed a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.88, indicating good interspecies correlation. Nevertheless, the bioenhancer elacridar and the fungicide imazalil showed species-dependent inhibitory potentials. Concentration-dependent inhibition of hOCT2- and mOct2-mediated metformin uptake by elacridar showed IC50 values of 20 µM and 1.9 µM and by imazalil 4.7 µM and 0.58 µM, respectively. In conclusion, although our data show comparable species-independent interactions for most compounds, there can be large species−specific differences in the interactions of individual compounds, which should be considered when extrapolating data from mice to humans. Furthermore, a comparison of the inhibitory potential of elacridar and imazalil on metformin uptake with that on MPP uptake reveals substrate-dependent differences in hOCT2 and mOct2 for both inhibitors. Therefore, it might be useful to test two different substrates in inhibition studies.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>36555439</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijms232415795</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Affinity Animals Bioavailability Cations Correlation analysis Correlation coefficients Drug development Drug interaction Drugs elacridar and imazalil Epithelial cells Epithelium Fungicides Humans Inhibitors Kidneys Laboratory animals Metabolites Metformin Metformin - pharmacology Mice Oct-2 protein OCT2 Organic Cation Transport Proteins Organic cation transporter Organic Cation Transporter 2 Pesticides Pesticides - pharmacology Renal function SLC22 species differences Substrate inhibition Transportation systems Xenobiotics |
title | Investigations with Drugs and Pesticides Revealed New Species- and Substrate-Dependent Inhibition by Elacridar and Imazalil in Human and Mouse Organic Cation Transporter OCT2 |
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