Synergistic effect of n-3 PUFA and probiotic supplementation on bone loss induced by chronic mild stress through the brain–gut–bone axis

• Published in: Journal of functional foods 2023-01, Vol.100, p.105363, Article 105363
• Main Authors: Lee, Yunjung, Oh, Haemin, Jo, Miyea, Cho, Hyunji, Park, Yongsoon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adrenergic receptors; bone density; bone resorption; brain; Brain–gut–bone axis; calcium; Chronic mild stress; collagen; crosslinking; cyclic AMP; cytokines; Depression; diet; digestive system; ligands; N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; omega-3 fatty acids; Osteoporosis; Probiotics; serotonin; serotonin receptors; synergism; transcription factors
• ISSN: 1756-4646; 2214-9414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105363

[Display omitted] •N-3 PUFA and probiotics reduced bone loss induced by chronic mild stress.•Both live and dead probiotics showed the same effect on ameliorating bone loss.•N-3 PUFA and probiotics exerted a synergistic effect on bone mass. This study was to investigate the synergistic effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and probiotics on depression-induced bone loss. Rats were fed with a diet composed of 0% or 1% n-3 PUFA and live or dead probiotics, and underwent chronic mild stress. N-3 PUFA with live or dead probiotics enhanced bone mass, calcium, and osteoprotegerin and decreased amino-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type 1 collagen, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand, and cytokines. N-3 PUFA and probiotics increased brain serotonin and modulated the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, thereby decreasing the bone expression of beta 2 adrenergic receptor and activating transcription factor 4 and increasing runt-related factor 2. N-3 PUFA and probiotics decreased gut serotonin, which downregulated the bone expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B and increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate. This study showed the synergistic bone-protective effects of n-3 PUFA and probiotics through the brain–gut–bone axis.