Macular OCT's Proficiency in Identifying Retrochiasmal Visual Pathway Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis-A Pilot Study

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry that captures detailed images of ocular structures. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that can lead to damage of the optic nerve and retina, which can be...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) 2024-06, Vol.14 (12), p.1221
Main Authors: Cujbă, Larisa, Banc, Ana, Stan, Cristina, Drugan, Tudor, Nicula, Cristina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atrophy
Biomarkers
Brain damage
Disease
Inflammation
inner plexiform layer
Localization
macular ganglion cell layer
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Multiple sclerosis
Neurodegeneration
Optic nerve
optical coherence tomography
Optics
Pilot projects
Retina
retrochiasmal lesion
Tomography
Visual acuity
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Summary:Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique based on the principle of low-coherence interferometry that captures detailed images of ocular structures. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that can lead to damage of the optic nerve and retina, which can be depicted by OCT. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether macular OCT can be used as a biomarker in the detection of retrochiasmal lesions of the visual pathway in MS patients. We conducted a prospective study in which we included 52 MS patients and 27 healthy controls. All participants underwent brain MRI, visual field testing, and OCT evaluation of the thicknesses of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular ganglion cell layer (GCL), and macular inner plexiform layer (IPL). OCT measurements were adjusted for optic neuritis (ON). VF demonstrated poor capability to depict a retrochiasmal lesion identified by brain MRI (PPV 0.50). In conclusion, the OCT analysis of the macula appears to excel in identifying retrochiasmal MS lesions compared to VF changes. The alterations in the GCL and IPL demonstrate the most accurate detection of retrochiasmal visual pathway changes in MS patients.
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics14121221