Ex vivo-expanded human CD19+TIM-1+ regulatory B cells suppress immune responses in vivo and are dependent upon the TIM-1/STAT3 axis

• Published in: Nature communications 2022-06, Vol.13 (1), p.3121-3121, Article 3121
• Main Authors: Shankar, S., Stolp, J., Juvet, S. C., Beckett, J., Macklin, P. S., Issa, F., Hester, J., Wood, K. J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 13; 13/1; 13/106; 13/31; 14; 38/109; 42/41; 631/250/1619/40; 631/250/1854/2812; 631/250/251/1574; 631/67/580; 64/110; 82/80; Apoptosis; CD19 antigen; CD25 antigen; CD40L protein; CD73 antigen; Cell culture; Cell growth; CRISPR; Cytokines; Gene expression; Heterogeneity; Humanities and Social Sciences; Immunomodulation; Interleukin 10; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; multidisciplinary; Peripheral blood; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Squamous cell carcinoma; Stat3 protein; Transplantation; Transplants & implants; Tumors
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30613-z

Regulatory B cells (Breg) are a heterogenous population with immune-modulating functions. The rarity of human IL-10 + Breg makes translational studies difficult. Here we report ex vivo expansion of human B cells with in vivo regulatory function (expBreg). CD154-stimulation of human CD19 + B cells drives >900-fold expansion of IL-10 + B cells that is maintained in culture for 14 days. Whilst expBreg-mediated suppressive function is partially dependent on IL-10 expression, CRISPR-mediated gene deletions demonstrate predominant roles for TIM-1 and CD154. TIM-1 regulates STAT3 signalling and modulates downstream suppressive function. In a clinically relevant humanised mouse model of skin transplantation, expBreg prolongs human allograft survival. Meanwhile, CD19 + CD73 - CD25 + CD71 + TIM-1 + CD154 + Breg cells are enriched in the peripheral blood of human donors with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TIM-1 + and pSTAT3 + B cells are also identified in B cell clusters within histological sections of human cutaneous SCC tumours. Our findings thus provide insights on Breg homoeostasis and present possible targets for Breg-related therapies. Human regulatory B (Breg) cells have been difficult to study due to their scarcity and heterogeneity. Here the authors expand human B cells to exert immunosuppressive function in vitro and in vivo, and to implicate the TIM-1/STAT3 axis for the regulation of their homoeostasis and function.