Complex Visceral Coupling During Central Sleep Apnea in Cats

Central sleep apnea is a sudden arrest of breathing during sleep caused by the central commands to the thoracoabdominal muscles. It is a widespread phenomenon in both healthy and diseased people, as well as in some animals. However, there is an ongoing debate whether it can be considered as a pathol...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in neuroscience 2020-06, Vol.14, p.568-568
Main Authors: Limanskaya, Alexandra V, Busygina, Irina I, Levichkina, Ekaterina V, Pigarev, Ivan N
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air flow
Animals
Apnea
central sleep apnea
Data analysis
Dental cement
duodenal motility
Duodenum
EEG
EKG
Electrodes
Electroencephalography
Experiments
Eye movements
Heart rate
Laboratories
Muscles
Neuroscience
Respiration
Respiratory function
Sleep and wakefulness
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorders
Stomach
stomach motility
Surgery
Thorax
visceral theory of sleep
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Summary:Central sleep apnea is a sudden arrest of breathing during sleep caused by the central commands to the thoracoabdominal muscles. It is a widespread phenomenon in both healthy and diseased people, as well as in some animals. However, there is an ongoing debate whether it can be considered as a pathological deviation of the respiratory function or an adaptive mechanism of an unclear function. We performed chronic recordings from six behaving cats over multiple sleep/wake cycles, which included electroencephalogram, ECG, eye movements, air flow, and thoracic respiratory muscle movements, and in four cats combined that with the registration of myoelectric activity of the stomach and the duodenum. In these experiments, we observed frequent central cessations of breathing (for 5-13 s) during sleep. Each of the sleep apnea episodes was accompanied by a stereotypical complex of somatic and visceral effects. The heart rate increased 3-5 s before the respiration arrest and strongly decreased during the absence of respiration. The myoelectric activity of the stomach and the duodenum also often demonstrated a strong suppression during the apnea episodes. The general composition of the visceral effects was stable during all periods of observation (up to 3 years in one cat). We hypothesize that the stereotypic coupling of activities in various visceral systems during episodes of central sleep apnea most likely reflects a complex adaptive behavior rather than an isolated respiratory pathology and discuss the probable function of this phenomenon.
ISSN:1662-4548
1662-453X
1662-453X
DOI:10.3389/fnins.2020.00568