Beyond the Wild MRSA: Genetic Features and Phylogenomic Review of mecC -Mediated Methicillin Resistance in Non- aureus Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci

• Published in: Microorganisms (Basel) 2024-01, Vol.12 (1), p.66
• Main Authors: Abdullahi, Idris Nasir, Latorre-Fernández, Javier, Reuben, Rine Christopher, Trabelsi, Islem, González-Azcona, Carmen, Arfaoui, Ameni, Usman, Yahaya, Lozano, Carmen, Zarazaga, Myriam, Torres, Carmen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amides; Animals; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; bovine mastitis; Cattle; Dairy farming; Dairy farms; Drug resistance; Epidemiology; Farms; Genes; Genetic analysis; Genomes; Genomic analysis; Linezolid; Livestock; Livestock farming; Mammaliicoccus; Mammaliicoccus lentus; Mammaliicoccus sciuri; Mastitis; MecA protein; Methicillin; Microbiology; Milk; Multidrug resistance; Niches; Nucleotides; Penicillin; Phenotypes; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Polymorphism; Review; SCCmec-mecC hybrid; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Staphylococcus infections; Veterinary medicine; Virulence; wild MRSA; β-Lactam antibiotics
• ISSN: 2076-2607; 2076-2607
• DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010066

Methicillin resistance, mediated by the gene in staphylococci and mammaliicocci, has caused tremendous setbacks in the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine due to its high potential of presenting the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Three other analogs exist, of which the has evolutionary been associated with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in wild animals, thus loosely referred to as the wild MRSA. In this study, we present an epidemiological review and genomic analysis of non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci that carry the -mediated methicillin resistance trait and determine whether this trait has any relevant link with the One Health niches. All previous studies (2007 till 2023) that described the gene in non- staphylococci and mammaliicocci were obtained from bibliometric databases, reviewed, and systematically analyzed to obtain the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence determinants, mobilome, and other genetic contents. Moreover, core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis was used to assess the relatedness of these strains. Of the 533 articles analyzed, only 16 studies (on livestock, environmental samples, milk bulk tanks, and wild animals) were eligible for inclusion, of which 17 genomes from 6 studies were used for various in silico genetic analyses. Findings from this systematic review show that all -carrying non- staphylococci were resistant to only beta-lactam antibiotics and associated with the classical SCC XI of . Similarly, two studies on wild animals reported -carrying associated with SCC XI. Nevertheless, most of the -carrying species presented an MDR phenotype (including linezolid) and carried the SCC - hybrid associated with The phylogenetic analysis of the 17 genomes revealed close relatedness (