Association between Gut Microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccine Immunogenicity

Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in various human physiological functions and diseases. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, research has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is also involved in the development and severity of COVID-19 symptoms by regulating SARS-C...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microorganisms (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.11 (2), p.452
Main Authors: Ng, Ho Yu, Leung, Wai K, Cheung, Ka Shing
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Clinical outcomes
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccine
COVID-19 vaccines
Cross-sectional studies
Cytokine storm
Dysbacteriosis
Fatty acids
Flagellin
gut dysbiosis
gut microbiota
Health aspects
Human subjects
Immune response
Immune system
Immunogenicity
Immunomodulation
Infections
Intestinal microflora
Lipopolysaccharides
Metabolites
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Pandemics
Patients
Peptidoglycans
Physiological aspects
Public health
Review
Rotavirus
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Signs and symptoms
vaccine immunogenicity
Vaccines
Viral diseases
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Summary:Gut microbiota is increasingly recognized to play a pivotal role in various human physiological functions and diseases. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, research has suggested that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is also involved in the development and severity of COVID-19 symptoms by regulating SARS-CoV-2 entry and modulating inflammation. Previous studies have also suggested that gut microbiota and their metabolites could have immunomodulatory effects on vaccine immunogenicity, including influenza vaccines and oral rotavirus vaccines. In light of these observations, it is possible that gut microbiota plays a role in influencing the immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations via similar mechanisms including effects of lipopolysaccharides, flagellin, peptidoglycan, and short-chain fatty acids. In this review, we give an overview of the current understanding on the role of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 manifestations and vaccine immunogenicity. We then discuss the limitations of currently published studies on the associations between gut microbiota and COVID-19 vaccine outcomes. Future research directions shall be focused on the development of microbiota-based interventions on improving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations.
ISSN:2076-2607
2076-2607
DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11020452