Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Effect of High-Fat Diet on Synaptic Plasticity and Mitochondrial Functions

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially known...

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Published in:Brain sciences 2020-11, Vol.10 (11), p.1
Main Authors: Penna, Eduardo, Pizzella, Amelia, Cimmino, Fabiano, Trinchese, Giovanna, Cavaliere, Gina, Catapano, Angela, Allocca, Ivana, Chun, Jong Tai, Campanozzi, Angelo, Messina, Giovanni, Precenzano, Francesco, Lanzara, Valentina, Messina, Antonietta, Monda, Vincenzo, Monda, Marcellino, Perrone-Capano, Carla, Mollica, Maria Pina, Crispino, Marianna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Development and progression
Developmental disabilities
Health aspects
High fat diet
Mitochondria
Nervous system diseases
neurodevelopmental disorders
Neuroplasticity
Physiological aspects
Review
synaptic plasticity
synaptic protein synthesis
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Summary:Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) include diverse neuropathologies characterized by abnormal brain development leading to impaired cognition, communication and social skills. A common feature of NDDs is defective synaptic plasticity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are only partially known. Several studies have indicated that people’s lifestyles such as diet pattern and physical exercise have significant influence on synaptic plasticity of the brain. Indeed, it has been reported that a high-fat diet (HFD, with 30–50% fat content), which leads to systemic low-grade inflammation, has also a detrimental effect on synaptic efficiency. Interestingly, metabolic alterations associated with obesity in pregnant woman may represent a risk factor for NDDs in the offspring. In this review, we have discussed the potential molecular mechanisms linking the HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions to altered synaptic plasticity underlying NDDs, with a special emphasis on the roles played by synaptic protein synthesis and mitochondrial functions.
ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci10110805