Early Thrombocytopenia at Hospital Admission Predicts Mortality in Patients with Non-Isolated Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

• Published in: Biomedicines 2024-12, Vol.12 (12), p.2702
• Main Authors: Piñeiro, Patricia, Calvo, Alberto, Pérez-Díaz, María Dolores, Ramos, Silvia, García-Ramos, Sergio, Power, Mercedes, Solchaga, Isabel, Rey, Cristina, Hortal, Javier, Turégano, Fernando, Garutti, Ignacio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood platelets; Brain; Brain death; Brain research; Clotting; coagulopathy; Early experience; emergency department; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Epidemiology; Heart rate; Hematoma; Hemodynamics; Hemoglobin; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Injuries; intracranial hemorrhage; Length of stay; Medical prognosis; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mortality; Neurosurgery; Patient outcomes; Patients; Platelets; Prognosis; Risk factors; Spain; Statistical analysis; Surgery; Survival analysis; Thrombocytopenia; Trauma; Traumatic brain injury
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12122702

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) often experience an abnormal hemostasis that contributes to mortality and unfavorable neurological outcomes. Objectives: We aimed to analyze epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory factors associated with mortality in patients with STBI during the first 48 h after in-hospital admission. Methods: We performed an observational retrospective study of STBI patients with associated extracranial trauma [defined as Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) head and neck ≥ 3 and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≤ 8] admitted to a Level II trauma center over seven years (2015–2021). Patients were divided into two groups: survivors and dead. We assessed differences regarding demographics, trauma severity, hemodynamics, disability, need for surgery, length of stay, transfusions, need for massive transfusion protocol, and hemostatic laboratory parameters at different time points. Results: A total of 134 STBI patients were included. Patients who died were older, mostly men, and showed higher trauma severity and disability. Hemoglobin, platelets, and clotting parameters deteriorated after admission to the emergency department (ED) with significant differences between groups within the first 24 h after admission. Platelet count < 150 × 103/μL at ED arrival, GCS, and age were independent risk factors for mortality. Conclusions: Older age, GCS, and platelet count at ED arrival were independent risk factors for mortality in STBI patients with associated extracranial trauma. Early thrombocytopenia < 150 × 103/μL at ED arrival may be used as a simple prognostic tool to early predict mortality between non-isolated STBI.