Loading…
Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk
The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. Although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the cons...
Saved in:
Published in: | Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology 2016-05, Vol.4, p.40-40 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3 |
container_end_page | 40 |
container_issue | |
container_start_page | 40 |
container_title | Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology |
container_volume | 4 |
creator | Offerdahl, Danielle K Clancy, Niall G Bloom, Marshall E |
description | The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. Although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. Experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with TBEV shows that the virus can be excreted in the milk of infected animals. Additionally, the virus remains infectious after exposure to low pH levels, similar to those found in the stomach. To evaluate the survival of virus in milk, we studied the stability of the BSL-2 TBFV, Langat virus, in unpasteurized goat milk over time and after different thermal treatments. Virus was stable in milk maintained under refrigeration conditions; however, there was a marked reduction in virus titer after incubation at room temperature. High temperature, short time pasteurization protocols completely inactivated the virus. Interestingly, simulation of a typical thermal regime utilized for cheese did not completely inactivate the virus in milk. These findings stress the importance of proper milk handling and pasteurization processes in areas endemic for TBEV. |
doi_str_mv | 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00040 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_doaj_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_0495680d862c499fa62dc9c52836354b</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_0495680d862c499fa62dc9c52836354b</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>1793216222</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkU1PGzEQhq2qqEEp956qPXLoBu_Y649LJUClRaLiAJytsddLTTZrsDeR8u9rEkBwmtH4nWcsPYR8a-iCMaVPehuiXwBtxIJSyukncgigRc0b1X5-18_IUc4PJdJAK1sFX8gMJHBWJofkx82ENgxh2laxr7C6DW5Zn8U0-upiwE3YhLTOVRirv2FYfiUHPQ7ZH73UObm7-HV7_qe-uv59eX56VTsuYKq9skopJjpPsROSCQG2FRIsCo7WSsW5bDrvmOs0MoFaS68l530JKeTI5uRyz-0iPpjHFFaYtiZiMLtBTPcG0xTc4A3luhWKdkqA41r3KKBz2rVQ7rOW28L6uWc9ru3Kd86PU8LhA_Tjyxj-mfu4MbwgtWIFcPwCSPFp7fNkViE7Pww4-rjOppGaQSMAoETpPupSzDn5_u1MQ82zM7NzZp6dmZ2zsvL9_ffeFl4Nsf_pYJDV</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1793216222</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk</title><source>PubMed (Medline)</source><creator>Offerdahl, Danielle K ; Clancy, Niall G ; Bloom, Marshall E</creator><creatorcontrib>Offerdahl, Danielle K ; Clancy, Niall G ; Bloom, Marshall E</creatorcontrib><description>The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. Although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. Experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with TBEV shows that the virus can be excreted in the milk of infected animals. Additionally, the virus remains infectious after exposure to low pH levels, similar to those found in the stomach. To evaluate the survival of virus in milk, we studied the stability of the BSL-2 TBFV, Langat virus, in unpasteurized goat milk over time and after different thermal treatments. Virus was stable in milk maintained under refrigeration conditions; however, there was a marked reduction in virus titer after incubation at room temperature. High temperature, short time pasteurization protocols completely inactivated the virus. Interestingly, simulation of a typical thermal regime utilized for cheese did not completely inactivate the virus in milk. These findings stress the importance of proper milk handling and pasteurization processes in areas endemic for TBEV.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2296-4185</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2296-4185</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00040</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27243000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: Frontiers Media S.A</publisher><subject>Alimentary infection ; Bioengineering and Biotechnology ; Goat milk ; raw milk ; tick-borne flavivirus ; Virus stability</subject><ispartof>Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2016-05, Vol.4, p.40-40</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2016 Offerdahl, Clancy and Bloom. 2016 Offerdahl, Clancy and Bloom</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862983/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4862983/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27243000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Offerdahl, Danielle K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clancy, Niall G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloom, Marshall E</creatorcontrib><title>Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk</title><title>Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology</title><addtitle>Front Bioeng Biotechnol</addtitle><description>The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. Although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. Experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with TBEV shows that the virus can be excreted in the milk of infected animals. Additionally, the virus remains infectious after exposure to low pH levels, similar to those found in the stomach. To evaluate the survival of virus in milk, we studied the stability of the BSL-2 TBFV, Langat virus, in unpasteurized goat milk over time and after different thermal treatments. Virus was stable in milk maintained under refrigeration conditions; however, there was a marked reduction in virus titer after incubation at room temperature. High temperature, short time pasteurization protocols completely inactivated the virus. Interestingly, simulation of a typical thermal regime utilized for cheese did not completely inactivate the virus in milk. These findings stress the importance of proper milk handling and pasteurization processes in areas endemic for TBEV.</description><subject>Alimentary infection</subject><subject>Bioengineering and Biotechnology</subject><subject>Goat milk</subject><subject>raw milk</subject><subject>tick-borne flavivirus</subject><subject>Virus stability</subject><issn>2296-4185</issn><issn>2296-4185</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkU1PGzEQhq2qqEEp956qPXLoBu_Y649LJUClRaLiAJytsddLTTZrsDeR8u9rEkBwmtH4nWcsPYR8a-iCMaVPehuiXwBtxIJSyukncgigRc0b1X5-18_IUc4PJdJAK1sFX8gMJHBWJofkx82ENgxh2laxr7C6DW5Zn8U0-upiwE3YhLTOVRirv2FYfiUHPQ7ZH73UObm7-HV7_qe-uv59eX56VTsuYKq9skopJjpPsROSCQG2FRIsCo7WSsW5bDrvmOs0MoFaS68l530JKeTI5uRyz-0iPpjHFFaYtiZiMLtBTPcG0xTc4A3luhWKdkqA41r3KKBz2rVQ7rOW28L6uWc9ru3Kd86PU8LhA_Tjyxj-mfu4MbwgtWIFcPwCSPFp7fNkViE7Pww4-rjOppGaQSMAoETpPupSzDn5_u1MQ82zM7NzZp6dmZ2zsvL9_ffeFl4Nsf_pYJDV</recordid><startdate>20160511</startdate><enddate>20160511</enddate><creator>Offerdahl, Danielle K</creator><creator>Clancy, Niall G</creator><creator>Bloom, Marshall E</creator><general>Frontiers Media S.A</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160511</creationdate><title>Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk</title><author>Offerdahl, Danielle K ; Clancy, Niall G ; Bloom, Marshall E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Alimentary infection</topic><topic>Bioengineering and Biotechnology</topic><topic>Goat milk</topic><topic>raw milk</topic><topic>tick-borne flavivirus</topic><topic>Virus stability</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Offerdahl, Danielle K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clancy, Niall G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bloom, Marshall E</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Offerdahl, Danielle K</au><au>Clancy, Niall G</au><au>Bloom, Marshall E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk</atitle><jtitle>Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology</jtitle><addtitle>Front Bioeng Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2016-05-11</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>4</volume><spage>40</spage><epage>40</epage><pages>40-40</pages><issn>2296-4185</issn><eissn>2296-4185</eissn><abstract>The tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFV) occur worldwide and the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) members of the group often cause severe, debilitating neurological disease in humans. Although the primary route of infection is through the bite of an infected tick, alimentary infection through the consumption of TBEV-contaminated dairy products is also well-documented and is responsible for some disease in endemic areas. Experimental infection of goats, cattle, and sheep with TBEV shows that the virus can be excreted in the milk of infected animals. Additionally, the virus remains infectious after exposure to low pH levels, similar to those found in the stomach. To evaluate the survival of virus in milk, we studied the stability of the BSL-2 TBFV, Langat virus, in unpasteurized goat milk over time and after different thermal treatments. Virus was stable in milk maintained under refrigeration conditions; however, there was a marked reduction in virus titer after incubation at room temperature. High temperature, short time pasteurization protocols completely inactivated the virus. Interestingly, simulation of a typical thermal regime utilized for cheese did not completely inactivate the virus in milk. These findings stress the importance of proper milk handling and pasteurization processes in areas endemic for TBEV.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>Frontiers Media S.A</pub><pmid>27243000</pmid><doi>10.3389/fbioe.2016.00040</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 2296-4185 |
ispartof | Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2016-05, Vol.4, p.40-40 |
issn | 2296-4185 2296-4185 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_0495680d862c499fa62dc9c52836354b |
source | PubMed (Medline) |
subjects | Alimentary infection Bioengineering and Biotechnology Goat milk raw milk tick-borne flavivirus Virus stability |
title | Stability of a Tick-Borne Flavivirus in Milk |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-24T22%3A22%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_doaj_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Stability%20of%20a%20Tick-Borne%20Flavivirus%20in%20Milk&rft.jtitle=Frontiers%20in%20bioengineering%20and%20biotechnology&rft.au=Offerdahl,%20Danielle%20K&rft.date=2016-05-11&rft.volume=4&rft.spage=40&rft.epage=40&rft.pages=40-40&rft.issn=2296-4185&rft.eissn=2296-4185&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389/fbioe.2016.00040&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_doaj_%3E1793216222%3C/proquest_doaj_%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e8b88836de0ad673662b5672ba64abb784471dec3cd9a36a997e9744f5678a4a3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1793216222&rft_id=info:pmid/27243000&rfr_iscdi=true |