The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Health and the Gut Microbiota Cannot Be Extrapolated from One Population to Others

Gluten-related disorders (GRD) affect millions of people worldwide and have been related to the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. These disorders present differently in each patient and the only treatment available is a strict life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). Several studies have in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2018-10, Vol.10 (10), p.1421
Main Authors: Garcia-Mazcorro, Jose F, Noratto, Giuliana, Remes-Troche, Jose M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
celiac disease
Celiac Disease - diet therapy
Celiac Disease - microbiology
Diet, Gluten-Free
Food Hypersensitivity - diet therapy
Food Hypersensitivity - microbiology
Food Intolerance - diet therapy
Food Intolerance - microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
gluten-free diet
Glutens - pharmacology
gut microbiota
Humans
Population Health
Review
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Summary:Gluten-related disorders (GRD) affect millions of people worldwide and have been related to the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota. These disorders present differently in each patient and the only treatment available is a strict life-long gluten-free diet (GFD). Several studies have investigated the effect of a GFD on the gut microbiota of patients afflicted with GRD as well as healthy people. The purpose of this review is to persuade the biomedical community to think that, while useful, the results from the effect of GFD on health and the gut microbiota cannot be extrapolated from one population to others. This argument is primarily based on the highly individualized pattern of gut microbial composition and metabolic activity in each person, the variability of the gut microbiota over time and the plethora of factors associated with this variation. In addition, there is wide variation in the composition, economic viability, and possible deleterious effects to health among different GFD, both within and among countries. Overall, this paper encourages the conception of more collaborative efforts to study local populations in an effort to reach biologically and medically useful conclusions that truly contribute to improve health in patients afflicted with GRD.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu10101421