Exercise ameliorates muscular excessive mitochondrial fission, insulin resistance and inflammation in diabetic rats via irisin/AMPK activation

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-05, Vol.14 (1), p.10658-14, Article 10658
• Main Authors: Lin, Junjie, Zhang, Xin, Sun, Yu, Xu, Haocheng, Li, Nan, Wang, Yuanxin, Tian, Xin, Zhao, Chen, Wang, Bin, Zhu, Baishu, Zhao, Renqing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/420/256; 692/699/2743; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Animals; Body weight; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - therapy; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Exercise training; Fibronectins - metabolism; Fitness training programs; High fat diet; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemia; Immunofluorescence; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Insulin Resistance; Irisin; Male; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Mitochondrial fission; multidisciplinary; Muscle, Skeletal - metabolism; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Physical training; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Signal Transduction; Skeletal muscle; Soleus muscle; Streptozocin; Variance analysis; Western blotting
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61415-6

This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise on excessive mitochondrial fission, insulin resistance, and inflammation in the muscles of diabetic rats. The role of the irisin/AMPK pathway in regulating exercise effects was also determined. Thirty-two 8-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): one control group (Con) and three experimental groups. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was induced in the experimental groups via a high-fat diet followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight. After T2DM induction, groups were assigned as sedentary (DM), subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill exercise training (Ex), or exercise training combined with 8-week cycloRGDyk treatment (ExRg). Upon completion of the last training session, all rats were euthanized and samples of fasting blood and soleus muscle were collected for analysis using ELISA, immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and differences between two groups were assessed using t-tests. Our findings demonstrate that exercise training markedly ameliorated hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats (p