Starch Hydrolysis, Polyphenol Contents, and In Vitro Alpha Amylase Inhibitory Properties of Some Nigerian Foods As Affected by Cooking

• Published in: Frontiers in nutrition (Lausanne) 2017-12, Vol.4, p.60-60
• Main Authors: Saidu, Sani, Eleazu, Chinedum Ogbonnaya, Ebuka, David, Ikechukwu, Anthony, Blessing, Montalto, Chibuike, Nwoye, Chukwuma, Chukwu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha-amylase; functional foods; Nutrition; potato; starch blockers; starch digestibility; type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 2296-861X; 2296-861X
• DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00060

The effect of cooking on starch hydrolysis, polyphenol contents, and α-amylase inhibitory properties of mushrooms (two varieties and ), sweet potato ( ), and potato ( ) was investigated. The total, resistant, and digestible starch contents of the raw and cooked food samples (FS) ranged from 6.4 to 64.9; 0 to 10.1; and 6.4 to 62.7 g/100 g, respectively, while their percentages of starch digestibility (DS values expressed as percentages of total starch hydrolyzed) ranged from 45.99 to 100. Raw and boiled unpeeled potato, raw and boiled peeled potato, raw , and sweet potato showed mild to high α-amylase inhibition (over a range of concentration of 10-50 mg/mL), which was lower than that of acarbose (that had 69% inhibition of α-amylase over a range of concentration of 2-10 mg/mL), unlike raw , boiled , and boiled sweet potatoes that activated α-amylase and boiled that gave 0% inhibition. The FS contained flavonoids and phenols in addition. The significant negative correlation (  = -0.55;  = 0.05) between the α-amylase inhibitory properties of the raw and cooked FS versus their SD indicates that the α-amylase inhibitors in these FS also influenced the digestibility of their starches. In addition, the significant positive correlation between the α-amylase inhibitory properties of the raw and cooked FS versus their resistant starch (RS) (  = 0.59;  = 0.01) contents indicates that the RS constituents of these FS contributed to their α-amylase inhibitory properties. The study showed the usefulness of boiled unpeeled potato, boiled potato peeled, and raw sweet potato as functional foods for people with type 2 diabetes.