HLA-G/sHLA-G and HLA-G-Bearing Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers: Potential Role as Biomarkers

As a non-classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is expressed in fetal-maternal interface and immunoprivileged site only in healthy condition, and in pathological conditions such as cancer, it can be expressed. It is now widely accepted that...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2021-11, Vol.12, p.791535-791535
Main Authors: Li, Peilong, Wang, Nan, Zhang, Yi, Wang, Chuanxin, Du, Lutao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
biomarker
Biomarkers, Tumor - metabolism
extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
HLA-G
HLA-G Antigens - metabolism
Humans
immune escape
Immune Privilege
Immune Tolerance
Immunology
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - immunology
Placental Circulation
Pregnancy - immunology
Prognosis
tumor
Tumor Escape
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Summary:As a non-classic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is expressed in fetal-maternal interface and immunoprivileged site only in healthy condition, and in pathological conditions such as cancer, it can be expressed. It is now widely accepted that HLA-G is a key molecule in the process of immune escape of cancer cells, which is ubiquitously expressed in the tumor environment. This raises the possibility that it may play an adverse role in tumor immunity. The expression level of HLA-G has been demonstrated to be highly correlated with clinical parameters in many tumors, and its potential significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer has been postulated. However, because HLA-G itself has up to seven different subtypes, and for some subtypes, detected antibodies are few or absent, it is hard to evaluate the actual expression of HLA-G in tumors. In the present work, we described (a) the structure and three main forms of HLA-G, (b) summarized the mechanism of HLA-G in the immune escape of tumor cells, (c) discussed the potential role of HLA-G as a tumor marker, and reviewed (d) the methods for detecting and quantifying HLA-G.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2021.791535