The impact of topography on seismic amplification during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake

Ground surface topography influences the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced ground shaking. This study shows the influence of topography on seismic amplification during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Earth surface topography scatters and reflects seismic waves, which causes spatial variation i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Natural hazards and earth system sciences 2020-02, Vol.20 (2), p.399-411
Main Authors: Khan, Saad, van der Meijde, Mark, van der Werff, Harald, Shafique, Muhammad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2005 AD
Amplification
Computer simulation
Earth
Earth surface
Earthquake damage
Earthquakes
Finite element method
Mathematical models
Ocean surface topography
P-waves
Ridges
Seismic activity
Seismic response
Seismic waves
Shaking
Spatial distribution
Spatial variations
Tensors
Topography
Valleys
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Summary:Ground surface topography influences the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced ground shaking. This study shows the influence of topography on seismic amplification during the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Earth surface topography scatters and reflects seismic waves, which causes spatial variation in seismic response. We performed a 3-D simulation of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake in Muzaffarabad with the spectral finite-element method. The moment tensor solution of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake was used as the seismic source. Our results showed amplification of seismic response on ridges and de-amplification in valleys. It was found that slopes facing away from the source received an amplified seismic response, and that 98 % of the highly damaged areas were located in the topographically amplified seismic response zone.
ISSN:1684-9981
1561-8633
1684-9981
DOI:10.5194/nhess-20-399-2020