Ecological drivers of avian diversity in a subtropical landscape: Effects of habitat diversity, primary productivity and anthropogenic disturbance

• Published in: Ecology and evolution 2022-08, Vol.12 (8), p.e9166-n/a
• Main Authors: Shuai, Ling‐Ying, Xiao, Shu‐Ping, Xie, Yan‐Ping, Chen, Xing‐Min, Song, Xiang‐Rong, Fan, Tian‐Qiao, Xie, Yun‐Hua, Liu, Wei
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anthropogenic disturbance; Anthropogenic factors; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Birds; birdwatching; Body mass; Body size; Clustering; Clutch size; Community; Community Ecology; Conservation; Conservation Ecology; Conservation practices; Conservation status; Dispersal; Ecological effects; Foraging behavior; Foraging habitats; functional diversity; habitat diversity; Habitats; Heterogeneity; Human population density; Human populations; Hypotheses; Landscape; phylogenetic diversity; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Population density; Productivity; species richness; Taxonomy; Tourism; Wildlife conservation
• ISSN: 2045-7758; 2045-7758
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9166

Understanding the roles of ecological drivers in shaping biodiversity is fundamental for conservation practice. In this study, we explored the effects of elevation, conservation status, primary productivity, habitat diversity and anthropogenic disturbance (represented by human population density and birding history) on taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional avian diversity in a subtropical landscape in southeastern China. We conducted bird surveys using 1‐km transects across a total of 30 sites, of which 10 sites were located within a natural reserve. Metrics of functional diversity were calculated based on six functional traits (body mass, clutch size, dispersal ratio, sociality, diet and foraging stratum). We built simultaneous autoregression models to assess the association between the ecological factors and diversity of the local avian communities. Local avian diversity generally increased with increasing habitat diversity, human population density and primary productivity. We also detected phylogenetic and functional clustering in these communities, suggesting that the avian assemblages were structured mainly by environmental filtering, rather than interspecific competition. Compared with sites outside the natural reserve, sites within the natural reserve had relatively lower avian diversity but a higher level of phylogenetic heterogeneity. Across a subtropical landscape in China, we found both phylogenetic and functional clustering in avian communities, suggesting that the local avian assemblages were structured mainly by environmental filtering, rather than niche partitioning. The relationship between anthropogenic disturbance and avian diversity is complex, as we found both a positive association between human population density and avian diversity, and a significantly negative relationship between birding history and species richness.