Understanding Post-Translational Modifications in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Infection

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious virus affecting pigs with significant impacts to the swine industry worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of post-translational modifications (PTMs) associated with PRRSV infection. We discuss...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Veterinary sciences 2024-12, Vol.11 (12), p.654
Main Authors: Chen, Xiaoyong, Zhang, Jianlong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal diseases
Animals
Biosecurity
Development and progression
Genomes
Hogs
Immunity (Disease)
Infection
Infections
Kinases
Pathogenesis
Phosphorylation
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
Pork industry
Post-translation
post-translational modification
Proteins
Review
RNA polymerase
Signal transduction
Swine
Trade restrictions
Translation
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitination
Vaccines
Viral infections
Viral proteins
Virus diseases
Viruses
virus–host interaction
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Summary:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a highly contagious virus affecting pigs with significant impacts to the swine industry worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of post-translational modifications (PTMs) associated with PRRSV infection. We discuss the various types of PTMs, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMoylation, acetylation, glycosylation, palmitoylation, and lactylation, that occur during PRRSV infection. We emphasize how these modifications affect the function and activity of viral proteins, thereby influencing virus replication, assembly, and egress. Additionally, we delve into the host cellular responses triggered by PRRSV, particularly the PTMs that regulate host signaling pathways and immune responses. Furthermore, we summarize the current understandings of how PTMs facilitate the ability of virus to evade the host immune system, enabling it to establish persistent infections. Finally, we address the implications of these modifications in the development of novel antiviral strategies and the potential for exploiting PTMs as therapeutic targets. This review highlights the significance of PTMs in shaping viral pathogenicity and host antiviral mechanisms and provides valuable insights for future research aimed at developing effective interventions against PRRSV infections.
ISSN:2306-7381
2306-7381
DOI:10.3390/vetsci11120654