Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are long-chain polymers of orthophosphate residues, which, depending on the external conditions, can be present both physiologically and synthetically in either soluble, nanoparticulate or coacervate form. In recent years, these polymers have received increasing atte...

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Published in:International journal of nanomedicine 2022-01, Vol.17, p.5825-5850
Main Authors: Schröder, Heinz C, Neufurth, Meik, Zhou, Huan, Wang, Shunfeng, Wang, Xiaohong, Müller, Werner E G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aqueous solutions
Biological products
biomaterial
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Energy
Hydrogels
metabolic energy
Metabolism
morphogenetic activity
Oxygen
phase separation
Polymers
polyphosphate nanoparticles
Proteins
Review
Solvents
Technology application
Tissue engineering
tissue regeneration
Vehicles
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container_title International journal of nanomedicine
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creator Schröder, Heinz C
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description Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are long-chain polymers of orthophosphate residues, which, depending on the external conditions, can be present both physiologically and synthetically in either soluble, nanoparticulate or coacervate form. In recent years, these polymers have received increasing attention due to their unprecedented ability to exhibit both morphogenetic and metabolic energy delivering properties. There are no other physiological molecules that contain as many metabolically utilizable, high-energy bonds as polyP, making these polymers of particular medical interest as components of advanced hydrogel scaffold materials for potential applications in ATP-dependent tissue regeneration and repair. However, these polymers show physiological activity only in soluble form and in the coacervate phase, but not as stable metal-polyP nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of formation of polyP coacervates and nanoparticles as well as their transformations is important for the design of novel materials for tissue implants, wound healing, and drug delivery and is discussed here.
doi_str_mv 10.2147/IJN.S389819
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source Publicly Available Content (ProQuest); Taylor & Francis Open Access Journals; PubMed Central; Coronavirus Research Database
subjects Aqueous solutions
Biological products
biomaterial
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Energy
Hydrogels
metabolic energy
Metabolism
morphogenetic activity
Oxygen
phase separation
Polymers
polyphosphate nanoparticles
Proteins
Review
Solvents
Technology application
Tissue engineering
tissue regeneration
Vehicles
title Inorganic Polyphosphate: Coacervate Formation and Functional Significance in Nanomedical Applications
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