T follicular helper cells and T follicular regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are heterogeneous and mainly characterized by expressing surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, and PD-1; cytokine IL-21; and transcription factor Bcl6. They are crucial for B-cell differentiation into long-lived plasma cells and high-affinity antibody production. T follicular...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2023-04, Vol.14, p.1178792-1178792
Main Authors: Qi, Jingjing, Liu, Chang, Bai, Ziran, Li, Xia, Yao, Genhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmune Diseases
Cytokines
Humans
Immunology
rheumatoid arthritis
Sjögren’s syndrome
systemic lupus erythematosus
T Follicular Helper Cells
T follicular helper cells (TFH cells)
T follicular regulatory cells (TFR)
T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are heterogeneous and mainly characterized by expressing surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, and PD-1; cytokine IL-21; and transcription factor Bcl6. They are crucial for B-cell differentiation into long-lived plasma cells and high-affinity antibody production. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells were described to express markers of conventional T regulatory (Treg) cells and Tfh cells and were able to suppress Tfh-cell and B-cell responses. Evidence has revealed that the dysregulation of Tfh and Tfr cells is positively associated with the pathogenic processes of autoimmune diseases. Herein, we briefly introduce the phenotype, differentiation, and function of Tfh and Tfr cells, and review their potential roles in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we discuss perspectives to develop novel therapies targeting Tfh/Tfr balance.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178792