Mechanisms of adsorption and functionalization of biochar for pesticides: A review

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 2024-03, Vol.272, p.116019-116019, Article 116019
• Main Authors: Dong, Xu, Chu, Yue, Tong, Zhou, Sun, Mingna, Meng, Dandan, Yi, Xiaotong, Gao, Tongchun, Wang, Minghua, Duan, Jinsheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adsorption; Biochar; Environmental fate; Pesticide; Soil
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116019

Agricultural production relies heavily on pesticides. However, factors like inefficient application, pesticide resistance, and environmental conditions reduce their effective utilization in agriculture. Subsequently, pesticides transfer into the soil, adversely affecting its physicochemical properties, microbial populations, and enzyme activities. Different pesticides interacting can lead to combined toxicity, posing risks to non-target organisms, biodiversity, and organism-environment interactions. Pesticide exposure may cause both acute and chronic effects on human health. Biochar, with its high specific surface area and porosity, offers numerous adsorption sites. Its stability, eco-friendliness, and superior adsorption capabilities render it an excellent choice. As a versatile material, biochar finds use in agriculture, environmental management, industry, energy, and medicine. Added to soil, biochar helps absorb or degrade pesticides in contaminated areas, enhancing soil microbial activity. Current research primarily focuses on biochar produced via direct pyrolysis for pesticide adsorption. Studies on functionalized biochar for this purpose are relatively scarce. This review examines biochar's pesticide absorption properties, its characteristics, formation mechanisms, environmental impact, and delves into adsorption mechanisms, functionalization methods, and their prospects and limitations. •Extensive use of pesticides in agriculture led to environmental and health hazards.•Summarized the physical adsorption and chemical adsorption mechanisms of biochar.•Comparing the differential adsorption of pesticides by functionalized biochar.•Objectively evaluated the downsides of biochar.