The impact of education level and socioeconomic status on the association between depressive symptoms and memory in an older population in Latin America: An exploratory analysis from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-BRAZIL)

The globally increasing older population raises concerns about age-related conditions, including cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. In Latin America, nearly one-third of the population is affected by either of these conditions. However, data investigating the association between cognitive...

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Published in:Dialogues in health 2024-12, Vol.5, p.100183, Article 100183
Main Authors: Loss, Karla, Fandino, Wilson, Almarie, Bassel, Bazan-Perkins, Blanca, Minetto, Julia, Aranis, Nadine, Monaco, Thiago, Aladab, Aisha, Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin, Fregni, Felipe
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Language:English
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Aging
Cognitive impairment
Depressive symptoms
Educational level
Good Health and Well-being
Memory
Socioeconomic status
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creator Loss, Karla
Fandino, Wilson
Almarie, Bassel
Bazan-Perkins, Blanca
Minetto, Julia
Aranis, Nadine
Monaco, Thiago
Aladab, Aisha
Pacheco-Barrios, Kevin
Fregni, Felipe
description The globally increasing older population raises concerns about age-related conditions, including cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms. In Latin America, nearly one-third of the population is affected by either of these conditions. However, data investigating the association between cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, particularly in Brazil, are limited to small-scale studies that have not carefully examined the critical effects of variables such as education level and socioeconomic status on this relationship. We aimed at exploring this association in a representative population-based cohort. We used the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-BRAZIL) database to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults, adjusted for potential confounders. Direct acyclic graphs and multivariable linear regression were used to build our model. Depressive symptoms were measured using a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale (CES D-8), and combined memory recall test as a surrogate of cognitive impairment. The study included 8280 participants. Only education level was identified as a confounder for the relationship between memory loss and depressive symptoms. After adjusting for age, sex, and education level, there was strong evidence for a negative association between depressive symptoms and memory performance. For every 5-unit increase in the CES D-8 score, there was a reduction in memory capacity, translating to a loss of approximately one word in the combined words recall test (mean − 0.18, 95% CI -0.22; −0.15, P 
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In Latin America, nearly one-third of the population is affected by either of these conditions. However, data investigating the association between cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, particularly in Brazil, are limited to small-scale studies that have not carefully examined the critical effects of variables such as education level and socioeconomic status on this relationship. We aimed at exploring this association in a representative population-based cohort. We used the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-BRAZIL) database to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in Brazilian older adults, adjusted for potential confounders. Direct acyclic graphs and multivariable linear regression were used to build our model. Depressive symptoms were measured using a short version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale (CES D-8), and combined memory recall test as a surrogate of cognitive impairment. 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subjects Aging
Cognitive impairment
Depressive symptoms
Educational level
Good Health and Well-being
Memory
Socioeconomic status
title The impact of education level and socioeconomic status on the association between depressive symptoms and memory in an older population in Latin America: An exploratory analysis from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-BRAZIL)
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