Dielectric coated conductive rod resonantly coupled with a cut transmission line as a tunable microwave bandstop filter and sensor

• Published in: Heliyon 2024-01, Vol.10 (2), p.e24477, Article e24477
• Main Authors: Hambaryan, David, Abrahamyan, Tigran, Parsamyan, Henrik, Movsisyan, Artyom, Minasyan, Bill, Haroyan, Hovhannes, Babajanyan, Arsen, Lee, Kiejin, Friedman, Barry, Nerkararyan, Khachatur
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bandstop filter; Cut transmission line; Electromagnetic surface waves; Goubau line; Microwave sensor; Sommerfeld waves
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24477

The resonant interaction of a dielectric-coated conductive rod with the X-band microwave field is investigated. The magnetic field distribution of the Goubau standing radial surface waves was experimentally visualized by using a thermo-elastic optical indicator microscope, and the corresponding electric field distribution was determined via numerical simulations. These field distributions are characterized by a certain pattern of antinodes distinctive for standing waves. An analysis of these field distributions allows one to couple a coated rod with a cut Goubau line. A rod placed in the gap region perpendicular to the Goubau line results in a sharp rejection band in the transmission spectrum which is extremely sensitive to the changes in the surrounding media. The shifting rate of the resonance as a function of the dielectric shell thickness is approximately 1.4 GHz/mm. The Q-factor of copper rods depends on their size and dielectric shell thickness. Longer rods with more energy localization areas have higher Q-factors, typically 1.7 times higher (12.7 vs. 7.5). Moreover, incorporating a dielectric shell enhances energy confinement and can elevate the Q-factor by as much as 22 %. When a 25 mm Cu rod is situated inside a cut Goubau line system, the Q-factor values are significantly higher, with a ratio of 275 to 13. With the addition of a dielectric shell, the Q-factor can be elevated by 58 %. The versatility of the proposed controllable system makes it possible to tune the operating spectrum towards higher GHz and THz frequencies.