The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements

Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-11, Vol.10 (12), p.1616
Main Authors: Zapata, Mayra Eliana Valencia, Tovar, Carlos David Grande, Hernandez, José Herminsul Mina
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acrylic bone cement
Antibacterial activity
Arthritis
bioactivity
Biodegradability
Biological activity
Cement
Chemical bonds
Chitosan
Graphene
graphene oxide
Joint surgery
Morbidity
Orthopedics
Osteoarthritis
poly(methyl methacrylate)
Polymerization
Polymers
Prostheses
Review
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term loosening of the prosthesis, high morbidity, and prolonged and expensive treatments. Due to the great importance of acrylic bone cements in orthopedics, the scientific community has advanced several efforts to develop bioactive ABCs with antibacterial activity through several strategies, including the use of biodegradable materials such as chitosan (CS) and nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO), with promising results. This paper reviews several studies reporting advantages in bioactivity and antibacterial properties after incorporating CS and GO in bone cements. Detailed information on the possible mechanisms by which these fillers confer bioactive and antibacterial properties to cements, resulting in formulations with great potential for use in orthopedics, are also a focus in the manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that presents the improvement in biological properties with CS and GO addition in cements that we believe will contribute to the biomedical field.
ISSN:2218-273X
2218-273X
DOI:10.3390/biom10121616