The Pathophysiology and the Management of Radiocontrast-Induced Nephropathy

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an impairment of renal function that occurs after the administration of an iodinated contrast medium (CM). Kidney dysfunction in CIN is considered transient and reversible in most cases. However, it is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diagnostics (Basel) 2022-01, Vol.12 (1), p.180
Main Authors: Cho, Eunjung, Ko, Gang-Jee
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
acute kidney injury
Biomarkers
Contrast agents
contrast-induced nephropathy
Creatinine
Diabetes
Disease prevention
Hydration
Kidney diseases
Older people
Oxidative stress
pathogenesis
Pathophysiology
Patients
prevention
Review
risk factor
Risk factors
Viscosity
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Summary:Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an impairment of renal function that occurs after the administration of an iodinated contrast medium (CM). Kidney dysfunction in CIN is considered transient and reversible in most cases. However, it is the third most common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk patients. Diagnostic and interventional procedures that require intravascular CM are being used with increasing frequency, especially among the elderly, who can be particularly susceptible to CIN due to multiple comorbidities. Therefore, identifying the exact mechanisms of CIN and its associated risk factors is crucial not only to provide optimal preventive management for at-risk patients, but also to increase the feasibility of diagnostic and interventional procedure that use CM. CM induces kidney injury by impairing renal hemodynamics and increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species, in addition to direct cytotoxicity. Periprocedural hydration is the most widely accepted preventive strategy to date. Here, we review the latest research results on the pathophysiology and management of CIN.
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics12010180