Comparative Ochratoxin Toxicity: A Review of the Available Data

Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by a variety of moulds. Ochratoxin A (OTA), the most prominent member of this toxin family, was first described by van der Merwe et al. in Nature in 1965. Dietary exposure to OTA represents a serious health issue and has been associated with several hum...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2015-10, Vol.7 (10), p.4253-4282
Main Authors: Heussner, Alexandra H, Bingle, Lewis E H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal diseases
Animals
Aspergillus - chemistry
Aspergillus - metabolism
biosynthesis
comparative toxicity
detection
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Food Contamination - analysis
Humans
Metabolites
Mode of action
Molecular Structure
Mycotoxins
ochratoxin
Ochratoxin A
Ochratoxins - biosynthesis
Ochratoxins - isolation & purification
Ochratoxins - pharmacokinetics
Ochratoxins - toxicity
Review
Tissue Distribution
Toxicity Tests - methods
Toxins
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Summary:Ochratoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced by a variety of moulds. Ochratoxin A (OTA), the most prominent member of this toxin family, was first described by van der Merwe et al. in Nature in 1965. Dietary exposure to OTA represents a serious health issue and has been associated with several human and animal diseases including poultry ochratoxicosis, porcine nephropathy, human endemic nephropathies and urinary tract tumours in humans. More than 30 years ago, OTA was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents and since then extensive research has been performed in order to investigate its mode of action, however, this is still under debate. OTA is regarded as the most toxic family member, however, other ochratoxins or their metabolites and, in particular, ochratoxin mixtures or combinations with other mycotoxins may represent serious threats to human and animal health. This review summarises and evaluates current knowledge about the differential and comparative toxicity of the ochratoxin group.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins7104253