Protein and Leucine Intake at Main Meals in Elderly People with Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Nutrients 2023-03, Vol.15 (6), p.1345
• Main Authors: Massimino, Elena, Izzo, Anna, Castaldo, Carmen, Amoroso, Anna Paola, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Capaldo, Brunella, Della Pepa, Giuseppe
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aged patients; Amino acids; Body weight; Breakfast; Cholesterol; Chronic illnesses; Consumption data; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic retinopathy; Diet therapy; Dietitians; elderly; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food; Food and nutrition; Frailty; Health aspects; Humans; Kinases; Laboratories; Leucine; leucine intake; Lunch; Lunches; Male; meal; Meals; Metabolism; Musculoskeletal system; Older people; protein intake; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Proteins in human nutrition; Questionnaires; Sarcopenia; Software; Type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15061345

The recommended protein intake for the elderly is 25-30 g at main meals, with at least 2500-2800 mg of leucine at each meal. There is still little evidence regarding the amount and distribution of protein and leucine intake with meals in the elderly with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated protein and leucine intake at each meal in elderly patients with T2D. A total of 138 patients (91 men and 47 women) with T2D, aged 65 years or older, were included. Participants performed three 24-h dietary recalls for the evaluation of their dietary habits and protein and leucine intake at meals. The average protein intake was 0.9 ± 0.2 g/kg body weight/day, and only 23% of patients complied with the recommendations. The average protein intake was 6.9 g at breakfast, 29 g at lunch, and 21 g at dinner. None of the patients reached the recommended protein intake at breakfast; 59% of patients complied with the recommendations at lunch; and 32% at dinner. The average leucine intake was 579 mg at breakfast, 2195 g at lunch, and 1583 mg at dinner. The recommended leucine intake was not reached by any patient at breakfast, by 29% of patients at lunch, and by 13% at dinner. Our data show that, in elderly patients with T2D, the average protein intake is low, particularly at breakfast and dinner, and that leucine intake is remarkably lower than the recommended levels. These data raise the need to implement nutritional strategies capable of increasing protein and leucine intake in the elderly with T2D.