Is AMR in Dairy Products a Threat to Human Health? An Updated Review on the Origin, Prevention, Treatment, and Economic Impacts of Subclinical Mastitis

Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly illness impacting dairy herds worldwide. The presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows has an impact on the decreased output of milk and milk quality, culling of affected cows, mortality rate, as well as mastitis-related treatment expenses, genera...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Infection and drug resistance 2023-01, Vol.16, p.155-178
Main Authors: Paramasivam, Ragul, Gopal, Dhinakar Raj, Dhandapani, Ranjithkumar, Subbarayalu, Ramalakshmi, Elangovan, Mahesh Prabu, Prabhu, Bhavadharani, Veerappan, Veeramani, Nandheeswaran, Arunkumar, Paramasivam, Siddarth, Muthupandian, Saravanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Dairy cattle
Dairy industry
economy
Health aspects
Herd immunity
human health
Infection
management
Mastitis
Milk
pathogenic mechanism
Prevention
Public health
Review
subclinical mastitis
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Summary:Bovine mastitis is the most frequent and costly illness impacting dairy herds worldwide. The presence of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows has an impact on the decreased output of milk and milk quality, culling of affected cows, mortality rate, as well as mastitis-related treatment expenses, generating significant financial loss to the dairy industry. The pathogenic bacteria invade through the mammary gland, which then multiply in the milk-producing tissues causing infection, and the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk is concerning, jeopardizes human health, and also has public health consequences. Intervention to promote herd health is essential to protect public health and the economy. This review attempts to provide an overview of subclinical mastitis, including mastitis in different species, the effect of mastitis on human health and its pathogenic mechanism, the prevalence and incidence of subclinical mastitis, and current preventive, diagnostic, and treatment methods for subclinical mastitis. It also elaborates on the management practices that should be followed by the farms to improve herd immunity and health. This review brings the importance of the threat of antimicrobial resistance organisms to the dairy industry. Furthermore, this review gives a glimpse of the economic consequences faced by the farmers and a futuristic mastitis market analysis in the dairy industry.
ISSN:1178-6973
1178-6973
DOI:10.2147/IDR.S384776