Inhibition of Cyanobacterial Growth on a Municipal Wastewater Sidestream Is Impacted by Temperature

• Published in: mSphere 2018-01, Vol.3 (1)
• Main Authors: Korosh, Travis C, Dutcher, Andrew, Pfleger, Brian F, McMahon, Katherine D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anaerobic digestion; Bioavailability; Biorefineries; Chemical oxygen demand; Chlorophyll; Chromatography; Culture media; Cyanobacteria; Dissolved organic matter; Effluents; Evolution; Fatty acids; Gravity; Growth rate; Lactic acid; Light; Membrane composition; Metabolic engineering; Municipal wastewater; Nitrates; nutrient removal; Nutrients; Oxygen; Permeability; Phenolic compounds; Phosphorus; Photosystem II; Sludge; Streams; Synechococcus strain PCC 7002; Toxicity; Wastewater treatment; Water treatment
• ISSN: 2379-5042; 2379-5042
• DOI: 10.1128/MSPHERE.00538-17

Sidestreams in wastewater treatment plants can serve as concentrated sources of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen and phosphorus) to support the growth of photosynthetic organisms that ultimately serve as feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals. However, other chemical characteristics of these streams may inhibit growth in unanticipated ways. Here, we evaluated the use of liquid recovered from municipal anaerobic digesters via gravity belt filtration as a nutrient source for growing the cyanobacterium sp. strain PCC 7002. The gravity belt filtrate (GBF) contained high levels of complex dissolved organic matter (DOM), which seemed to negatively influence cells. We investigated the impact of GBF on physiological parameters such as growth rate, membrane integrity, membrane composition, photosystem composition, and oxygen evolution from photosystem II. At 37°C, we observed an inverse correlation between GBF concentration and membrane integrity. Radical production was also detected upon exposure to GBF at 37°C. However, the dose-dependent relationship between the GBF concentration and the lack of membrane integrity was abolished at 27°C. Immediate resuspension of strains in high levels of GBF showed markedly reduced oxygen evolution rates relative to those seen with the control. Taken together, the data indicate that one mechanism responsible for GBF toxicity to is the interruption of photosynthetic electron flow and subsequent phenomena. We hypothesize that this is likely due to the presence of phenolic compounds within the DOM. Cyanobacteria are viewed as promising platforms to produce fuels and/or high-value chemicals as part of so-called "biorefineries." Their integration into wastewater treatment systems is particularly interesting because removal of the nitrogen and phosphorus in many wastewater streams is an expensive but necessary part of wastewater treatment. In this study, we evaluated strategies for cultivating sp. strain PCC 7002 on media comprised of two wastewater streams, i.e., treated secondary effluent supplemented with the liquid fraction extracted from sludge following anaerobic digestion. This strain is commonly used for metabolic engineering to produce a variety of valuable chemical products and product precursors (e.g., lactate). However, initial attempts to grow PCC 7002 under otherwise-standard conditions of light and temperature failed. We thus systematically evaluated alternative cultivation conditions and then used multiple methods to