Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes

Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of diabetes research 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-12
Main Authors: Joelsson, Louise, Malmodin, Daniel, Pedersen, Anders, Gustavsson, Carolina, Andersson-Hall, Ulrika, Holmäng, Agneta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adiponectin - blood
Adult
Amino acids
Amino Acids, Branched-Chain - blood
Blood Glucose - metabolism
Blood pressure
Body fat
Body Mass Index
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes, Gestational - blood
Disease Progression
Female
Gestational diabetes
Glucose
Glucose Intolerance - blood
Glucose Tolerance Test
Humans
Hydroxybutyrates - blood
Insulin resistance
Insulin Resistance - physiology
Leptin - blood
Lipids
Metabolic disorders
Metabolites
Pregnancy
Questionnaires
Risk Factors
Womens health
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Summary:Aim. Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. Results. Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. Conclusion. In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.
ISSN:2314-6745
2314-6753
DOI:10.1155/2018/4207067