The combination of nano-calcium sulfate/platelet rich plasma gel scaffold with BMP2 gene-modified mesenchymal stem cells promotes bone regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects

• Published in: Stem cell research & therapy 2017-05, Vol.8 (1), p.122-122, Article 122
• Main Authors: Liu, Zunpeng, Yuan, Xue, Fernandes, Gabriela, Dziak, Rosemary, Ionita, Ciprian N, Li, Chunyi, Wang, Changdong, Yang, Shuying
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenoviruses; Animals; Biology; Blood; Blood platelets; Bone Density; Bone growth; Bone healing; Bone marrow; Bone matrix; Bone morphogenetic protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - genetics; Bone Regeneration; Bone scaffolds; Bone tissue engineering; Calcium sulfate; Calcium Sulfate - chemistry; Cell Differentiation; Cell growth; Cell Proliferation; Critical-sized bone defect; Cytotoxicity; Defects; Disease transmission; Electron microscopy; Fibrin; Growth factors; Health aspects; Literature reviews; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Mimicry; Mineralization; Morbidity; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Plasma; Platelet-rich plasma; Platelet-Rich Plasma - metabolism; Platelets; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regeneration; Scanning electron microscopy; Skin & tissue grafts; Skull - diagnostic imaging; Skull - pathology; Skull - physiopathology; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Sulfates; Tissue engineering; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry; Transplants & implants; X-Ray Microtomography
• ISSN: 1757-6512; 1757-6512
• DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0574-6

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into an osteoblastic lineage in the presence of growth factors (GFs). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which can be easily isolated from whole blood, contains a large amount of GFs, and, therefore, promotes bone growth and regeneration. The main goal of this work was to develop and investigate the effect of a new sandwich-like bone scaffold which combines a nano-calcium sulfate (nCS) disc along with PRP fibrin gel (nCS/PRP) with BMP2-modified MSCs on bone repair and regeneration in rat critical-sized calvarial defects. We evaluated the cytotoxicity, osteogenic differentiation and mineralization effect of PRP extract on BMP2-modified MSCs and constructed a sandwich-like nCS/PRP scaffold (mimicking the nano-calcium matrix of bone and carrying multi GFs in the PRP) containing BMP2-modified MSCs. The capacity of this multifunctional bone regeneration system in promoting bone repair was assessed in vivo in a rat critical-sized (8 mm) calvarial bone defect model. We developed an optimized nCS/PRP sandwich-like scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that nCS/PRP are polyporous with an average pore diameter of 70-80 μm and the cells can survive in the nCS/PRP scaffold. PRP extract dramatically stimulated proliferation and differentiation of BMP2-modified MSCs in vitro. Our in vivo results showed that the combination of BMP2-modified MSCs and nCS/PRP scaffold dramatically increased new bone regeneration compared with the groups without PRP and/or BMP2. nCS/PRP scaffolds containing BMP2-modified MSCs successfully promotes bone regeneration in critical-sized bone defects. This system could ultimately enable clinicians to better reconstruct the craniofacial bone and avoid donor site morbidity for critical-sized bone defects.