Human Umbilical Cord-Based Therapeutics: Stem Cells and Blood Derivatives for Female Reproductive Medicine

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-12, Vol.23 (24), p.15942
• Main Authors: Rodríguez-Eguren, Adolfo, Gómez-Álvarez, María, Francés-Herrero, Emilio, Romeu, Mónica, Ferrero, Hortensia, Seli, Emre, Cervelló, Irene
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Autografts; Bioengineering; Biomolecules; Blood; Blood platelets; Bone marrow; Cell growth; Cell Proliferation; Chemokines; Clinical trials; Cytokines; Diabetes; exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; Female; female reproduction; Granulocytes; Growth factors; Humans; Infertility; Inflammation; Kinases; Literature reviews; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Mesenchyme; Ovaries; Paracrine signalling; Plasma; platelet-rich plasma; Proteins; Regeneration (physiology); Regenerative medicine; Reproductive system; Review; stem cell therapy; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem cells; Tissue engineering; Umbilical Cord; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Vascular endothelial growth factor
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415942

There are several conditions that lead to female infertility, where traditional or conventional treatments have limited efficacy. In these challenging scenarios, stem cell (SC) therapies have been investigated as alternative treatment strategies. Human umbilical cord (hUC) mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC), along with their secreted paracrine factors, extracts, and biomolecules, have emerged as promising therapeutic alternatives in regenerative medicine, due to their remarkable potential to promote anti-inflammatory and regenerative processes more efficiently than other autologous treatments. Similarly, hUC blood derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), or isolated plasma elements, such as growth factors, have also demonstrated potential. This literature review aims to summarize the recent therapeutic advances based on hUC-MSCs, hUC blood, and/or other plasma derivatives (e.g., extracellular vesicles, hUC-PRP, and growth factors) in the context of female reproductive medicine. We present an in-depth analysis of the principal molecules mediating tissue regeneration, compiling the application of these therapies in preclinical and clinical studies, within the context of the human reproductive tract. Despite the recent advances in bioengineering strategies that sustain delivery and amplify the scope of the therapeutic benefits, further clinical trials are required prior to the wide implementation of these alternative therapies in reproductive medicine.