Plasmapheresis reverses all side-effects of a cisplatin overdose--a case report and treatment recommendation

• Published in: BMC cancer 2006-01, Vol.6 (1), p.1-1, Article 1
• Main Authors: Hofmann, Guenter, Bauernhofer, Thomas, Krippl, Peter, Lang-Loidolt, Doris, Horn, Sabine, Goessler, Walter, Schippinger, Walter, Ploner, Ferdinand, Stoeger, Herbert, Samonigg, Hellmut
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents - blood; Antineoplastic Agents - toxicity; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung - drug therapy; Case Report; Cisplatin - blood; Cisplatin - toxicity; Female; Hearing Loss - chemically induced; Humans; Liver - enzymology; Lung Neoplasms - drug therapy; Middle Aged; Nausea - chemically induced; Plasmapheresis - methods; Renal Insufficiency - chemically induced; Time Factors; Vomiting - chemically induced
• ISSN: 1471-2407; 1471-2407
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-6-1

Cisplatin is widely used as an antineoplastic agent since it is effective against a broad spectrum of different tumours. Nevertheless, it has several potential side effects affecting different organ systems and an overdose may lead to life-threatening complications and even death. We report on a 46-year old woman with non-small cell lung cancer who accidentally received 225 mg/m2 of cisplatin, which was threefold the dose as scheduled, within a 3-day period. Two days later, the patient presented with hearing loss, severe nausea and vomiting, acute renal failure as well as elevated liver enzymes. In addition, she developed a severe myelodepression. After plasmapheresis on two consecutive days and vigorous supportive treatment, the toxicity-related symptoms improved and the patient recovered without any sequelae. To date, no general accepted guidelines for the treatment of cisplatin overdoses are available. Along with the experience from other published cases, our report shows that plasmapheresis is capable of lowering cisplatin plasma and serum levels efficiently. Therefore, plasma exchange performed as soon as possible can ameliorate all side effects of a cisplatin overdose and be a potential tool for clinicians for treatment. However, additional intensive supportive treatment-modalities are necessary to control all occurring side effects.