Trends in food insecurity rates at an academic primary care clinic: a retrospective cohort study

• Published in: BMC pediatrics 2021-08, Vol.21 (1), p.364-364, Article 364
• Main Authors: Montez, Kimberly, Brown, Callie L, Garg, Arvin, Rhodes, Scott D, Song, Eunyoung Y, Taxter, Alysha J, Skelton, Joseph A, Albertini, Laurie W, Palakshappa, Deepak
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Ambulatory Care Facilities; Caregivers; Child; Children & youth; Childrens health; Cohort analysis; Community; Demographics; Electronic health records; Epidemiology; Ethnicity; Families & family life; Food Insecurity; Food security; Food Supply; Health aspects; Hispanic people; Households; Humans; Medicaid; Nutrition; Patients; Pediatric clinics; Pediatric research; Pediatrics; Primary care; Primary Health Care; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Social determinants of health; Statistics; Trends
• ISSN: 1471-2431; 1471-2431
• DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02829-3

Healthcare organizations are increasingly screening and addressing food insecurity (FI); yet, limited data exists from clinic-based settings on how FI rates change over time. The objective of this study was to evaluate household FI trends over a two-year period at a clinic that implemented a FI screening and referral program. In this retrospective cohort study, data were extracted for all visits at one academic primary care clinic for all children aged 0-18 years whose parents/guardians had been screened for FI at least once between February 1, 2018 to February 28, 2019 (Year 1) and screened at least once between March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020 (Year 2). Bivariate analyses tested for differences in FI and demographics using chi-square tests. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess change in FI between Years 1 and 2 with random intercept for participants controlling for covariates. The interaction between year and all covariates was evaluated to determine differences in FI change by demographics. Of 6182 patients seen in Year 1, 3691 (59.7%) were seen at least once in Year 2 and included in this study. In Year 1, 19.6% of participants reported household FI, compared to 14.1% in Year 2. Of those with FI in Year 1, 40% had FI in Year 2. Of those with food security in Year 1, 92.3% continued with food security in Year 2. Compared to Hispanic/Latinx participants, African American/Black (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.33, 5.34; p